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虛擬語氣,對過去虛擬,從句用過去完成時
虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式,表示說話人的一種愿望,假設(shè),懷疑,猜測, 建議等含義,虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實.
If I were you, I'd take them away.
如果我是你的話,我就會帶走他們.
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.
如果我碰見了李華,我就告訴了他了.
If I had time. I could come to help you.
如果我有時間,我會來幫助你的.
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
他建議說我們的班應(yīng)該分成五個小組.
He speaks to us as if he had been there.
他給我們講的好象他去過那兒.
虛擬語氣的用法
1) 虛擬語氣用在簡單句中,表示祝愿,命令.
May you be happy.
祝你幸福.
May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快.
May the friendship between us last long.
祝愿我們的友情天長地久.
Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快!
You go out!
你出去!
2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中.動詞 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等詞后面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣, 賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種愿望,要求.
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一邊.
I wish I could help him.
我希望我能幫助他.
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒.
動詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的從句中,"should" 可以省略.
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了.
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服.
3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中.
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . " 中,that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.
我們有必要出去散散步.
It's natural that she should do so.
她這樣做是很自然的.
It's important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我們要照顧好病人.
4) 虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中.
虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結(jié)果的主句中.在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時,動詞有三種時態(tài)形式,即現(xiàn)在,過去和將來.
與現(xiàn)在事實相反的：
條件從句 結(jié)果從句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 動詞過去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 動詞原形. He (you,they) would + 動詞原形.
與過去事實相反的：
條件從句 結(jié)果從句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 過去分詞 I(we)should + have+ 過去分詞.He (you,they) would + have + 過去分詞.
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你,我就買了它.
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有時間,我會學(xué)習(xí)法語的.
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英語的話,她不會找我?guī)兔Φ?
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一點起床,就會趕上火車的.
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天氣好,我就去買東西.
有關(guān)虛擬語氣的幾個問題：
1) 有時if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可以省略 if,而把從句中的動詞 were, had 或 should 移到主語前面.
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青點, 她就會干的.
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.
如果他知道她的地址,他會去看她的.
2) 有時表示虛擬語氣的條件從句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一個主句或者一個條件從句.
I could help you.
我本來可以幫助你.
If I had time.
我要有時間該多好啊.
She should have come to the party.
她應(yīng)該來參加聚會.
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的錢就能.
3) 虛擬語氣中,條件從句的動詞動作可以和主句的動詞動作時態(tài)不一致.
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話,現(xiàn)在干的就會容易些.
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不聽取我的建議,他就不會干得這樣好.