that和which做比較,主要在于它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中的用法
that 和which在定語從句中都是做關(guān)系代詞,指代先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞（that還可以指代人,which 不可以）.通常情況下二者可以互換.
區(qū)別：
關(guān)系代詞用that（不用which）的情況：
1.先行詞是all,anything,everything,nothing等,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that
That's all that he told me.
2.先行詞前有the only,the same,the very 或no,little,much,any,every,all 等修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that
She is the only person that I know in this company.
3.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞常用that
The first thing that I want to do is to take it away.
4.當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)含有"人"或"物"時(shí),關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that
5.在固定結(jié)構(gòu)the same...that...; so...that...; such...that...以及it is/was...that...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,要用that
This is the same park that we once visited.
6.如主句以there be開頭時(shí),關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that
There is a room that has two windows.
關(guān)系代詞用which（不用that）的情況：
1.非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞一般要用which
She won the competition,which made the whole family very happy.
2.關(guān)系代詞前如有介詞,關(guān)系代詞須用 which; 如把介詞移至句末,可用that(或省略)
There’s only one problem about which they disagree.
This is the key (that) she was looking for.
3.如果先行詞是that,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用 which
I know that which you told me.
4.如先行詞和定語從句之間被其它較長(zhǎng)的成分分隔,常用which
Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book.(先行詞為story)
5.在"those+復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中,其后的關(guān)系代詞多用which
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
6.一個(gè)句子中如有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)定語從句用了關(guān)系代詞that,第二個(gè)從句中的關(guān)系代詞宜用which;但在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中,應(yīng)重復(fù)同一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞
This is the book that you bought which you have lost.
I have a house which is located on the hillside,which faces the south.
此外,that還可引導(dǎo)同位語從句,which不能
I have heard the news that they had won the game.