1．陳述部分肯定式+疑問部分否定式 可記為 前肯后否
2．陳述部分否定式+疑問部分肯定式 可記為 前否后肯
They work hard, don’t they?
She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
You didn’t go, did you?
He can’t ride a bike, can he?
He is a student,isn't he?
編輯本段
主語
一般詞語
附加疑問句中主語 用和主語一致的主語,用主格.
不定代詞
當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是
( 1 )everyone,no one, nobody 等時,后面的疑問句應(yīng)表示為：
Everyone is in the classroom, aren't they? (基本不用單數(shù),但也可用he）
Nobody will go, will they?
(2)everything,anything,nothing,something時,附加疑問句中主語一般用 it 不用 they
（3）this,that,或those,these時,附加疑問句中主語用it和they.
特殊句型
否定意義的詞
否定意義的詞
（1）當(dāng)陳述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定意義的詞時,后面的反意疑問句則為肯定形式：
There are few apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
（2）當(dāng)陳述部分含有否定意思的詞是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定詞綴的派生詞,也就是有un-前綴、-less后綴等含有詞綴而意思否定的詞,當(dāng)做肯定句處理,疑問部分要用否定形式.如：
He looks unhappy,doesn't he?他看上去不高興,不是嗎?
The girl dislikes history,doesn't she?這女孩不喜歡歷史,不是嗎?
表示主語主觀意愿的詞
含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動詞后接賓語從句構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句在構(gòu)成反意疑問句時,視情況不同有兩種不同的構(gòu)成方式.
(1.)當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱時,其后的簡短問句應(yīng)與從句相一致.例如：
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
值得注意的是,當(dāng)這些動詞后接的賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句時,其仍屬否定句,故其后的簡短問句應(yīng)用肯定式,而非否定式.例如：
I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
Wedon't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
此類句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑問句一樣,如上述后一個句子,若雙胞胎已經(jīng)到了,則回答為"Yes, they have."；若尚未到達(dá),使用"No, they haven't.".
(2).當(dāng)主句的主語為第二、三人稱時,其后的簡短問句則應(yīng)與主句相一致（此時,否定只看主句,與從句無關(guān)...）.例如：
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
(3)但如果主句的時態(tài)是過去時等等,疑問句應(yīng)和主句的人稱時態(tài)保持一致.
had better或have
陳述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成時態(tài)時,疑問句應(yīng)用hadn’t等開頭：
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?
其他情況句中有have時疑問句應(yīng)用don't等開頭
如have表示“有”的時候,有兩種形式：
-He has two sisters,doesn't he?
-He doesn't have any sisters,does he?
祈使句
當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時,疑問句要根據(jù)語氣來表達(dá)
當(dāng)開頭是Let‘s時,一定要用shall we.其余都用will you（包括 Let us）不論肯定否定
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
Let us go out for a walk, will you?
Let me help you,may I?
Turn on the radio, will you?
There be句型
There be 句型中,反義疑問部分必須為be 動詞 + there
There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?
There isn't any milk left, is there?
must
.當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動詞must,問句有4種情況：
（1）mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”時,附加問句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here,must you?
你不能把車停在這地方,知道嗎?
（2）must表示“有必要”時,附加問句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today,needn't they?
他們今天要完成這項工作,是嗎?
（3）當(dāng)must用來表示對現(xiàn)在的情況進(jìn)行推測時,問句通常要根據(jù)must后面的動詞采用相應(yīng)的形式.
He must be good at English,isn't he?
他英語一定學(xué)得很好,是嗎?
（4）當(dāng)must+have done表示對過去的情況進(jìn)行推測（一般句中有明確的過去時間狀語）,問句要根據(jù)陳述部分謂語的情況用“didn't+主語”或“wasn't/weren't+主語”；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成（一般沒有明確的過去時間狀語）,問句要用“haven't/hasn't+主語”.
She must have read the novel last week,didn't she?
她上星期一定讀了這本小說,是嗎?
You must have told her about it,haven't you?
你一定把這事告訴她了,是嗎?

反意疑問句的回答用yes, no, 但是,回答意思相反,當(dāng)陳述部分是否定形式時,回答要按事實.如：
They don’t work hard, do they? 他們不太努力工作,是嗎?
Yes, they do. 不,他們工作努力./No, they don’t. 對, 他們工作不努力
肯定反意疑問句的回答
當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式,反意疑問句為肯定式時,其回答往往與漢語不一致,需特別引起注意：
"It isn’t cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is." “它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜.”
"He doesn’t love her, does he?" "No, he doesn’t."“他不愛她,是嗎?”“是的,他不愛她.”
此時,"Yes"即不,對前面"It isn't cheap."的否定.
否定反意疑問句的回答
當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式,反意疑問句為否定式時,其回答一般不會造成困難,一般只需照情況回答即可：
"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,對嗎?”“對,是新的.”
"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,對嗎?”“不,他不想去.”
此時,"No"即是,對前面"It's new."的肯定.
回答反意疑問句的原則
回答反意疑問句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實際情況來確定,如有人問你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你應(yīng)回答No, I’m not. 因為既然你能回答,肯定你還沒有asleep.但如果別人問你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你還沒有睡著,對嗎),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,還沒有睡著),而不能回答為Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
“It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”
上述兩句句子的回答肯定均為“Yes,it is."否定為“No,it isn't."
由上述例子可知,反義疑問句回答與句子本身所包含的中文肯定與否的含義并無太大關(guān)聯(lián),只需注意事實,肯定即用yes,否定用no,無需考慮句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否.
編輯本段
重點(diǎn)歸納
快速記憶表
陳述部分的謂語 疑問部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主語
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含義
rarely, little等否定
含義的詞
ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(didn't +主語)
used to didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主語
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主語
must 根據(jù)實際情況而定
感嘆句中 be +主語
Neither…nor,
either…or 連接的根 據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定
并列主語
指示代詞或不定代詞
everything,that, 主語用it
nothing,this
并列復(fù)合句 謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定
定語從句,賓語從句的
主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo) 與賓語從句相對應(yīng)的從句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one 復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he
情態(tài)動詞dare或need need (dare ) +主語
dare, need 為實義動詞 do +主語
省去主語的祈使句 will you?
Let's 開頭的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相應(yīng)的謂語動詞+there(省略主語代詞）
否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式
must表"推測" 根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句