天人合一
拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛(ài)默生
拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛(ài)默生(1803—1882),美國(guó)19世紀(jì)著名的思想家、散文家、演說(shuō)家、詩(shī)人,超驗(yàn)主義的代表人物之一.他崇尚自然主義、強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人價(jià)值,代表作有《論自然》、《美國(guó)學(xué)者》等.
從真正的意義上來(lái)講,很少有成年人能夠看得見(jiàn)自然.甚至很多人并沒(méi)有真正看見(jiàn)太陽(yáng).至少,他們只有一種非常膚淺的視覺(jué)感受.太陽(yáng)只能照亮成年人的眼睛,但對(duì)于孩子們來(lái)說(shuō),它還可以照進(jìn)他們的心靈.對(duì)摯愛(ài)自然的人來(lái)說(shuō),內(nèi)在和外在的感官可以真正地契合,就算已是成年,還依然保持著童稚之心.與天地交流,是他每天不可或缺的精神滋養(yǎng).他們置身自然,任一種狂喜在全身流暢,真正的痛楚逃遁無(wú)形.自然說(shuō),他是我的孩子,盡管他有許多莫名的痛苦,但與我在一起,他將快樂(lè)無(wú)比.不僅僅是晴天和夏日,每一個(gè)時(shí)辰,每一個(gè)季節(jié),自然都奉獻(xiàn)著快樂(lè),因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)時(shí)辰,每一個(gè)變化,從無(wú)聲的正午到可怕的子夜,都暗合著不同的心境.自然就是一個(gè)大背景,上演喜劇或悲劇一樣適宜.在身心爽朗的日子,空氣就如同一杯醇美得令人難以置信的甜酒.踏著雪泥,走過(guò)平滑的廣場(chǎng),在光明與黑暗交合之際,佇立于云天之下,腦海中沒(méi)有一絲期盼好運(yùn)突然降臨的雜念,欣欣然如入仙境.我?guī)缀醪桓蚁胱约菏嵌嗝纯鞓?lè).
在森林中也同樣如此,人們掙脫歲月的羈絆,如蛇蛻去它那羈絆自身的皮,無(wú)論處于人生的哪一個(gè)階段,總是猶如稚子.在森林中,青春可以永駐,這是上帝的御苑,其中充溢著禮儀和圣潔,一年四季無(wú)論何時(shí)都裝點(diǎn)得如同節(jié)日,在這里待上一千年也不會(huì)感到厭倦.置身森林,我們會(huì)再次對(duì)理性和信念充滿向往.在這里,我不會(huì)感到任何痛苦的壓迫——沒(méi)有恥辱,沒(méi)有不幸,而且這些缺憾是自然所無(wú)法修復(fù)的.站立在林中空地,我的思緒沐浴在快樂(lè)的空氣中,宛如升入無(wú)垠的太空,一切卑微自私的想法都隨風(fēng)而去.我似乎化作一個(gè)透明的眼球,雖然無(wú)影無(wú)形,但卻看到一切.宇宙之流在我周身循環(huán),我成為上帝的一部分或一個(gè)粒子.此時(shí)此刻,最親近的朋友的名字聽(tīng)起來(lái)也那么陌生,那么無(wú)足輕重.不管是同胞兄弟,還是點(diǎn)頭之交的熟人,不管是主人,還是仆人,這一切都成了徒增煩擾的瑣事.我對(duì)充盈勃發(fā)、無(wú)聲無(wú)息的美頂禮膜拜.在曠野中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)了比城鎮(zhèn)或村落更親切、更貼近的東西.在寧?kù)o的風(fēng)景中,尤其在遙遠(yuǎn)的地平線上,人們終于看到了像他的天性一樣美好的東西.
Nature and Man in One
Ralph Waldo Emerson
To speak truly,few adult persons can see nature.Most persons do not see the sun.At least they have a very superficial seeing.The sun illuminates only the eye of the man,but shines into the eye and the heart of the child.The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other,who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood.His intercourse with heaven and earth becomes part of his daily food.In the presen ce of nature,a wild delight runs through the man,in spite of real sorrows.Nat ure says,he is my creature,and maugre all his impertinent griefs,he shall be glad with me.Not the sun or the summer alone,but every hour and season yields its tribute of delight; for every hour and change corresponds to and authorizes a different State of mind,from breathless noon to grimmest midnight.Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.In good health,the air is a cordial of incredible virtue.Crossing a bare common,in snow puddles ,at twilight,under a clouded sky,without having in my thoughts any occurrence of special good fortune,I have enjoyed a perfect exhilaration.Almost I fear to think how glad I am.
In the woods too,a man casts off his years,as the snake his slough,and at what period soever of life,is always a child.In the woods,is perpetual youth .Within these plantations of God,a decorum and sanctity reign,a perennial fes tival is dressed,and the guest sees not now he should tire of them in a thousan d years.In the woods,we return to reason and faith.There I feel that nothing can befall me in life,— no disgrace,no calamity,which nature cannot repair.Standing on the bare ground,— my head bathed by the blithe air,and uplifted into infinite space,— all mean egotism vanishes.I become a transparent eye ball.I am nothing.I see all.The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.The name of the nearest friend sounds then for eign and accidental.To be brothers,to be acquaintances,— master or servent,is then a trifle and disturbance.I am the lover of uncontained and immortal beauty.In the wilderness,I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages.In the tranquil landscape,and especially in the distant line of the horizon,man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature.