名詞從句、定語從句
名詞從句
名詞從句有四類：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句.例如：
賓語從句：I don’t know where he will go.
主語從句：Where he will go is unknown.
表語從句：The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位語從句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面幾點(diǎn)是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句表達(dá)“是否”意,（即引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)if和whether
可以互換）但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether（不用if）引導(dǎo)：
（1） 引導(dǎo)主語從句,且在句首時(shí).例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2） 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí).例The problem is whether he can get a job.
（3） 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí).例：I have no idea whether he will come.
（4） 介詞后的whether從句.例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2． 位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不可忘.
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,that從句謂語有時(shí)用（should）do這樣的虛擬語氣形式.
例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺點(diǎn)）.
4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要誤為because.
例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5． 名詞從句中that,what用法比較：
引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that是連詞,在句中無成份,無意義,而what是連接代詞,what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.
I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了.
6． where在名詞從句中的使用特點(diǎn)：
where在名詞從句中有時(shí)可以變?yōu)椤皌he place where”,有時(shí)可以變?yōu)椤敖樵~＋the place where” 形式.例如：
主從：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
賓從：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表從：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.
同位從：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7． 無論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語序.例如：
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
當(dāng)一個(gè)特殊疑問句本身就是陳述語序（即“主＋謂＋（賓）”或“主＋系＋表”結(jié)構(gòu)）,將其變?yōu)殚g接引語（即賓語從句）時(shí),無需改變語序.例如：
What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather?He asked me who looked after my grandfather.
名詞從句考點(diǎn)分析
1．They want to know ______ do to help us.(NMET)
A. what they canB. how they canC. how can theyD. what can they
析：此題要選陳述語序項(xiàng),故應(yīng)排除C、D.又因how they can do不完整,do后無賓
語,故也應(yīng)排除,只有A項(xiàng)既是陳述語序,且what they can do完整正確地表達(dá)出“他
們能做些什么”這一意思,故答案為A.
2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.
A.didn’t think;was;thatB.thought;was;whether
C.didn’t think;was;×D.thought;wasn´t;×
析：觀察題目,可知think后跟有and連接的兩個(gè)并列賓語從句,這時(shí)前一個(gè)賓語從句
的引導(dǎo)語that可以省略,但引導(dǎo)后一賓語從句的that不可省略,據(jù)此,可排除C、D
兩個(gè)選項(xiàng).若選B項(xiàng),全句意思不通,而選擇A項(xiàng)可表達(dá)“他的老師認(rèn)為他不聰明,不
值得教”這一意思,且語法結(jié)構(gòu)無誤,故可定A是正確答案.
3．______ is done cannot be undone.
A.HowB.ThatC.WhatD.Where
析：do一般作及物動(dòng)詞使用,從題干看,需選一詞作主語（邏輯上是done的賓語）.
而A.How,D.Where均是副詞,不能作主語,故應(yīng)排除.B項(xiàng)that一詞只能在定語從句
中作主語,不能在主語從句中作主語,也應(yīng)排除.只有選what(＝the thing that),才
能正確表述“凡是做的不可不做”這一意思.
4．Take care ______ you don´t make mistakes in the coming exam.
A.of thatB.about thatC.for whatD.that
析：take care是“注意”、“當(dāng)心”意,后面可跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來表達(dá)“當(dāng)心
不要…”意思,據(jù)此,該題應(yīng)選D.
5．To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.
A.whichB.whereC.the placeD.that
析：觀察題干,was not后是表語,根據(jù)where在表語從句中相當(dāng)于in/at the place where,
將其置于空白處則可表達(dá)“傘不在他當(dāng)初放的地方”這一意思,而C選項(xiàng)缺少詞,不可
選.A、D項(xiàng)皆不合用.
6．______ we can´t get seems better than ______ we have.
A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;thatD.that;what
析：此題顯然是要表達(dá)“我們得不到的東西似乎比我們得到的東西好.”這一意思,即
“A seems better that B”結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)what＝the thing(s) that這一特點(diǎn),將其置
于兩空白處正好可以表達(dá)出前者比后者好這一意思,故答案為A.
7．______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
析：此題depends前的主語從句是一個(gè)不肯定的內(nèi)容,在句首表“是否”意時(shí),只能用
Whether,不可用If.故答案為B.
8．______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better
cars.
A.That;howB.What;howC.What;whatD.That;that
析：is前面是一個(gè)主語從句,要表達(dá)“他們最感興趣的（東西）”這一意思,只能選what
填入空白;is是表語從句,顯然只有選how才能表達(dá)“如何生產(chǎn)更多更好的汽車”,故
答案為B.
9．He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.
A.will be put offB.be put offC.will put offD.put off
析：suggestion,order,adivce等詞后的同位語從句謂語要用（should）do的形式,且
該句中test與put off為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選B.
10．I don´t think ______ he said something like that is right.
A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.when
析：此句think后是一賓語從句,這個(gè)賓語從句的主語在is之前,它是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句.
因?yàn)閔e said something like that已經(jīng)含有主、謂、賓、狀等成分,只有選不表意義,
不做成分的that才合適,故選A.
定語從句
一、 定語從句與引導(dǎo)詞
定語從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句.被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞,
而引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞,有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類.
懂得什么樣的先行詞后用什么樣的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)好定語從句的關(guān)鍵.
1． 關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語,whose
作定語.代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定語從句中作主語)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定
語從句中作賓語,可省略)
I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定從中作表語)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which
或that代物,在定從中作主語)
2． 關(guān)系副詞有：when(指時(shí)間),where(指地點(diǎn)),why(指原因),在定語從句中作狀語.
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意：不是表時(shí)間的先行詞都用when引導(dǎo)定從,不是表地點(diǎn)的先行詞都用where引導(dǎo)定從.例如：We´ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定從中作主語,where不可用主語,故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語,when不可作賓語,故不可用)
二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開,修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組或代
詞；非限制性定語從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開,可以修飾主句中的某一個(gè)詞,也可修飾整個(gè)句子.非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略.非限制性定語從句例：Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句內(nèi)容,因前后兩句是因果關(guān)系,此時(shí)which不可換為as.)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句內(nèi)容,在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe這類結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which)
三、 只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合
1． 只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合
1） 當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)：He talked about the men and the books that attracted
him.
2） 指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時(shí)：These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.
3） 指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4） 先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時(shí)：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5） 先行詞是who時(shí)：Who that have seen him does not like him?
2． 不用that的場(chǎng)合如下：
1）非限制性定語從句中Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2）介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí) This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出現(xiàn)了that,或先行詞是that時(shí)I have found that which I was looking for.
四、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”用法
1． 介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習(xí)慣性搭配,例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是習(xí)慣性搭配)
2． 介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配）,例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3． 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”固定短語的賓語時(shí),此時(shí)因定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關(guān)系代詞前.例如：This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.
五、幾個(gè)名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞
1. situation后常用where,in which引導(dǎo)定語從句：Can you imagine a situation where/in
which you can use the word?
2. way(方式,方法)后常用in which或that或how引導(dǎo)定語從句,也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?
3. “the same＋名詞”,“such＋名詞”,“as＋名詞”后通常用as引導(dǎo)定語從句.
例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.
定語從句考點(diǎn)分析
1． The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.
A.which;thatB.that;×C.×;thatD.×;×
析：如果兩個(gè)定語從句并列,關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)前一句的可以省略,但后一句的不可省略,故應(yīng)選C.
2． It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.
It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.×
析：第一句是強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間in 1969,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“It was＋強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that句”,故應(yīng)選C.第二句It是表時(shí)間的,先行詞1969在從句中作狀語,故選A.
3． Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?
A.at whichB.whichC.in whichD.at where
析：觀察題目,空白處只有填in which或where才能表達(dá)“這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎?”這一意思,故答案為C.
4． Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born?
A.whereB.whichC.in whichD.at which
析：將此句變?yōu)殛愂鼍?；This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.顯然is后是一表語從句,只有選where(＝the place where)才能表達(dá)“這是莎士比亞的出生地”這一意思,故答案為A.
5． In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for
help.
A.to whomB.of whom C.from whomD.that
析：“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”要考慮短語搭配或與先行搭配,這道題短語turn to有關(guān),故
應(yīng)選A.
6． The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim´s gold watch and Della´s
hair.
A．a(chǎn)bout whichB.of whichC.in whichD.for which
析：涉及be/feel proud of短語,故答案為B.
7． Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late.
A.whyB.thatC.for whichD.what
析：此題易誤選A、C,因?yàn)橄刃性~是the reason,但細(xì)觀察分析,定語從句缺少主語,所以答案是B.注意what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句.
8． Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain.
A.whereB.in placeC.thatD.the place where
析：因?yàn)閐ifficult是形容詞,故其后不是定語從句.這兒的空白處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)狀語從句where(＝in the place where),全句表達(dá)“在沒有雨水的地方耕種困難”.這一意思,可見答案為A.
9． We need the same machine ______ in your factory.
A.which is being used B.as is being used
C.that is being usedD.as it is being used
析：根據(jù)“the same＋先行詞”后跟as引導(dǎo)定語從句的原則,可知答案為B.
10．______ the people,not things ______ are most important.
A.There are;whoB.Those are;thatC.It is;thatD.It was;who
析：仔細(xì)觀察分析題目,可知只有C構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句才有成立.當(dāng)我們要檢驗(yàn)視其為強(qiáng)調(diào)
句的判斷是否正確時(shí),只要將“It is (或was)…that”這三個(gè)詞去掉,剩下部分讀
起來正確無誤,則證明判斷是正確的,反之是錯(cuò)誤的.此題如不填“It is…that”
三詞,句子是The people,not things are most important.語義完整正確,說明選
C是對(duì)的.