人稱代詞里的：主格放在句首做主語和表語,賓格放在句末或句中做動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語.
打個(gè)比方,主人邀請(qǐng)賓客,主格就像主人,賓格就像賓客.主格在動(dòng)詞前面,賓格在動(dòng)詞或介詞后面.
英語中的人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)有主格、賓格和之分,如：
I,me,my ; he,him,his ; they,them,their等.
顧名思義,主格(The nominative case)用作主語,賓格(The objective case)用作賓語,所有格(The possessive case)則表示所有之物.
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,主格和賓格代詞有時(shí)會(huì)混淆.下面是常見的問題：
⒈在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)里,人稱代詞的主格和賓格在單獨(dú)使用時(shí),沒有問題,如很少人會(huì)犯下這樣的錯(cuò)誤：
*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
*(2)Her knew what had happened.
但在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,錯(cuò)誤就難免了,如：
*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*(4)He and her knew what had happened.
*(5)This is between you and he.
這種錯(cuò)誤是可避免的.第一,在有介詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,特別要注意,第二個(gè)人稱代詞,必須用賓語,如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二,試把復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的另一部分暫時(shí)用括號(hào)圍起來,那么該用的格就容易辨別了,如：
(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.
(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.
顯然的,(5)里的代詞是賓格的"me",(6)里的代詞是主格的"he".
⒉在比較結(jié)構(gòu)里,連接詞"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口語中,人們常用賓格形式,學(xué)美式英語者,更是如此：
(8)a.You did as well as she.
b.You did as well as her.
(9)a.I am older than he.
b.I am older than him.
(a)和(b)兩種說法,都可接受.但如果"as"和"than"后頭分句的主語和詞動(dòng)都要完整出現(xiàn)的話,這時(shí)的人稱代詞,就必須是主格,如下：
(10)You did as well as she did.
(11)I am older than he is .
此外,還有一點(diǎn)要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面雖然在語法上用主格好,用賓格也可,但是有時(shí)意思會(huì)有所不同.試比較(a)和(b)：
(12)a.Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b.Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B：
(13)a.Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
b.Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
顯然,這兩句的深層意思大有差別.遇到這種情形,為了避免誤解,不妨根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思用完整的句式表達(dá)出來.換句話說,必要的話,要用(13)這句子.
不然,把(13)a變成(14),(13)b變成(15)也可：
(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.