spend,take,cost和pay的用法
這四個(gè)詞都有花費(fèi)的意思.cost指花錢、時(shí)間、勞力等；take主要指花時(shí)間；pay指花錢；spend指花時(shí)間、錢等.cost常以事物做主語,而不以人作主語.初中階段關(guān)于“花錢”,“花費(fèi)時(shí)間”的詞常見的有以下五個(gè)：buy,cost,pay（for）,spend和take.很多學(xué)生對(duì)這幾個(gè)詞的詞義和用法似懂非懂,用起來往往出錯(cuò).其實(shí)這些詞都與錢物有關(guān),與時(shí)間有關(guān)的只有take和spend.下面具體談一談其用法：
1．buy,get也可表示此意,給某人買東西、飯、飲料等,主語是人.其常見結(jié)構(gòu)為to buy sb．sth．或to buy sth．for sb．
I bought this book for 15yuan．
Would you please buy me a dictionary?
Let me buy ／get you a drink．
Buy one for me．
2．cost指花錢,表示價(jià)值或代價(jià)（此代價(jià)可以是時(shí)間）.主語是事或物或動(dòng)詞不定式短語.
其常見結(jié)構(gòu)是to cost sb．some money.
The book costs 50 fen．
The dictionary cost me 6yuan．
The work costs much time and labour．
3．pay（for）,pay表示付給人家錢、帳單等；pay for表示買東西付款,也表示替別人付錢.主語是人.其常見結(jié)構(gòu)是to pay sb．some money,pay money for sth．
You must pay me 100yuan a week for your meals．
I have paid all my debts．
How much did you pay for that book?
Don't worry about money．I'll pay for you．
4．spend指花錢,花費(fèi)時(shí)間.主語是人.其常見結(jié)構(gòu)分別為to spend money on sth．,spend time（in）doing sth．.
I spent six yuan on a new dictionary．
—How do you spend your spare time?
—I spend my spare time writing books．
5．take指花錢（＝cost）
It takes/costs me a lot of money to buy a big house．
= To buy a big house takes/costs me a lot of money.
take用來說明做某事需要多少時(shí)間,有三種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主語是人
I took half an hour to get home yesterday．
She took the whole day to read the novel．
2）主語是某種活動(dòng)
The journey took me half an hour．
Reading the novel took her the whole day．
3）用形式主語it
It took me half an hour to get home yesterday．
It takes much time to do the shopping．
試看“我六元錢買了一本詞典”的不同譯法：
a．I bought the dictionary for six yuan．
b．The dictionary cost me 6yuan．
c．I paid six yuan for the dictionary．
d．I spent six yuan on the dictionary．
e．It took me six yuan to buy the dictionary．
再看“讀這本書花了我一整天的時(shí)間”的不同譯法：
a．I spent the whole day reading the book．
b．I took the whole day to read the book．
c．Reading the book took me the whole day．
d．It took me the whole day to read the book．
例如：
①The composition cost(took)me three hours.
②How much did the radio cost you?
這臺(tái)無線電花了你多少錢?(不用take)
③The work cost them much labour.這件工作花費(fèi)他們很大的勞動(dòng).
④It took them over two years to build the bridge.
修建這座橋花了他們兩年多的時(shí)間.
⑤I spend 50 dollars on the camera.買這架照相機(jī),我花了50美元.
⑥He often spent his spare time(in)helping the poor.
他經(jīng)常利用業(yè)余時(shí)間幫助窮人.
【注意】如要說“這件上衣我花了20美元”,可用下列幾種表達(dá)方法
The coat cost me 20 dollars.
=I spent 20 dollars on the coat.
=I paid 20 dollars for the coat.
=I bought the coat for 20 dollars.
=I bought the coat at the price of 20 dollars.