句型轉(zhuǎn)換題是中考常見題型,它主要用來考查大家對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成、變化的掌握及在行文中的運用等,類型繁多.
在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中一定要注意時態(tài),記清單詞的搭配.
現(xiàn)以近兩年中考題為例,分類介紹如下：
[第一類]改成否定句
英語中有關(guān)否定的結(jié)構(gòu)各不相同,除動詞部分構(gòu)成的否定外,還有名詞、代詞的否定、部分否定、否定轉(zhuǎn)移、以及一些表示否定意義的短語或句型等.
一、含有連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞等助動詞的句子改為否定句時,在連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞等的后面加not就行了.如：（劃線部分為正確答案,下同.）
1. He was late for school yesterday. （2005黑龍江省泰州市）
He wasn’t late for school yesterday.
2. The students of No.2 Middle School have gone for a picnic already. （2004新疆）
The students of No.2 Middle School haven’t gone for a picnic yet.
二、祈使句變否定句一般在其前加don’t.如：
3. Open the window. （2005江蘇?。?br/>Don’t open the window.
三、實義動詞的否定式是在實義動詞前加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t等.如：
4. She does the housework every day. （2005黑龍江省哈爾濱市）
She doesn’t do the housework every day.
5. He returned the book to the library this morning. （2004重慶市）
He didn’t return the book to the library this morning.
注意：變否定句時須注意某些詞語的變化,如some改為any, something改為anything, already改為yet, both改為neither, all改為none等.又如：
6. Both of them are my best friends. （2004甘肅省蘭州市）
Neither of them is my best friend.
[第二類]改為疑問句
可分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句.
一、變一般疑問句時,含有連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞的句子,只需將它們移至句首,第一個字母變?yōu)榇髮?句尾改為問號即可.含有實義動詞的句子,在實義動詞前加do, does, did等.變化過程中也要注意某些詞語和人稱的變化.如：
7. There’s something to eat in the cupboard.（2005貴州省貴陽市）
Is there anything to eat in the cupboard?
8. Kate does morning exercises every day. （2004山東省濟(jì)南市）
Does Kate do morning exercises every day?
9. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. （2005四川省成都市）
Did Ann return the book to the library yesterday?
二、變選擇疑問句時,如果該句是一般疑問句,則在后面直接加“or＋另一選擇部分”就行了；若是陳述句,則要先變成一般疑問句.如：
10. John is an American. （用a Canadian改為選擇疑問句）（2004新疆）
Is John an American or a Canadian?
三、變反意疑問句時,要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”,還要注意一些特殊形式的反意疑問句.如：
11. She has hardly had anything this morning, has she?（2005山東省泰安市）
12. You will meet your friends at the railway station, won’t you?（2004重慶）
13. She had nothing for breakfast, did she?（2005青海）
14. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, was there?（2004黑龍江省哈爾濱市）
[第三類]單數(shù)句與復(fù)數(shù)句之間的互變
轉(zhuǎn)化時,名詞和動詞的人稱和數(shù),人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞的人稱和數(shù)都要作相應(yīng)的變化.如：
15. That is my book. （2004浙江省寧波市）
Those are our books.
16. She is his student. （2005江蘇）
They are their students.
[第四類]變感嘆句
將陳述句變成感嘆句,要分以下幾步：
第一步：在陳述句的謂語動詞后將句子劃斷.如：The boxes are／very heavy.
第二步：斜線后的形容詞、副詞的修飾語要去掉,如上句去掉very.
第三步：若斜線后部分的中心詞是形容詞、副詞,則在斜線后部分的前面加how.如果中心詞是名詞,就加what.
第四步：將陳述句句首的大寫改為小寫,將感嘆句句首改為大寫.
第五步：將陳述句句末的句號改為感嘆號.于是上句應(yīng)改為：How heavy the boxes are!又如：
17. They are happy to see each other.（2005甘肅省蘭州市）
How happy they are to see each other!
[第五類]同義轉(zhuǎn)換
指用不同的詞匯、短語、句型表示相同或相近的意思.它主要有以下幾種變化：
一、用同義詞（詞組）、近義詞（詞組）替換句中的某一部分.如：
18. Lin Tao is good at physics. （2005江蘇省鹽城市）
Lin Tao does well in physics.
19. It took him two hours to play with computers last night. （2004甘肅省蘭州市）
He spent two hours playing with computers last night.
二、用反義詞 （詞組） 或句型改寫.如：
20. I think art is less important than maths. （2004浙江省杭州市）
I don’t think art is more important than maths.
21. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could.（2004徐州市）
The runner failed to keep up with the others though he tried his best.
三、簡單句和并列句與復(fù)合句等句式間的轉(zhuǎn)換.如：
22. My father isn’t a history teacher. My mother isn’t a history teacher, either. （2004江蘇省徐州市）
Neither my father nor my mother is a history teacher.
23. Jim can’t decide what he should do next. （2004甘肅省蘭州市）
Jim can’t decide what to do next.
24. David was so careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his test paper. （2004福建省福州市）
David was too careless to find the mistakes in his text paper.
[第六類]對劃線部分提問
實際上就是把陳述句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧?對不同的部分提問要用不同的疑問詞.
一、對主語提問：只需選擇一個恰當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~代替劃線部分,句子的語序不變,指人用who, 指物用what或which.如：
25. Mr. Green teaches them English.（2005新疆）
Who teaches them English?
二、對謂語提問：不管后面接賓語與否,疑問詞都用what, 并用do的適當(dāng)形式代替謂語部分.如：
26. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. （2005青海）
What was he doing at four yesterday afternoon?
三、對賓語提問：指人的用who （whom）, 指物的用what或which.如：
27. He lives with his grandmother.（2005江蘇）
Whom does he live with?
28. I have two books in my bag. （2004山東省泰安市）
What do you have in your bag?
四、對表語提問：要根據(jù)表語所表示的不同意思,選擇不同的疑問代詞.指人時一般用who；指時間時用when或what time；指職業(yè)時,用what；指顏色時用what colour; 指距離時用how far等.如：
29. Those flowers are red. （2004重慶）
What colour are those flowers?
30. Urumchi is 3790 kilometres away from Wuhan. （2005新疆）
How far is Urumchi away from Wuhan?
五、對定語提問：問誰的用whose, 問哪個用which或what, 問數(shù)量用how many （much）.如：
31. The car near the river is mine. （2005山東省泰安市）
Which car is yours?
32. I borrowed nine books from the library. （2005新疆）
How many books did you borrow from the library?
六、對狀語（從句）提問：指時間的疑問詞用when （what time）, 指地點用where, 表示原因用why, 表示程度、方式用how, 表示頻度用how often,表示時間段用how long等.如：
33. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. （2004福建省福州市）
How will Allan go back to England next month?
34. John went to see his grandmother once a week. （2004廣東省廣州市）
How often did John go to see his grandmother?
35. He has worked in this school for five years. （2004四川省成都市）
How long has he worked in this school?
36. Mrs Read didn’t sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise. （2005山東省濟(jì)南市）
Why didn’t Mrs Read sleep well last night?
37. Jim will return in two weeks. （2005黑龍江省哈爾濱市）
How soon will Jim return?
七、對混合成分提問：同時對兩個或兩個以上的提問時,可以用and把幾個疑問詞連起來放在句首.如：
38. I met Jim in the park the day before yesterday. （2004吉林）
When and where did you meet Jim?