Do you need to wash my hands and face?
need用法解析
need一詞是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)“四會(huì)”（聽、說、讀、寫）詞匯之一,能夠充分理解和正確運(yùn)用它是教學(xué)大綱的必然要求.但由于其詞性多變,許多學(xué)生對(duì)它滿懷疑惑,特別是在需要將句子變?yōu)榉穸ㄅc疑問的時(shí)候不知是在其后加not呢,還是借助助動(dòng)詞.
雖然need一詞的漢語(yǔ)意思都與“需要”有關(guān),但就詞性而言,它可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和名詞；詞性發(fā)生了變化,它的用法與在句子中所起的作用也隨之改變.
一．用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,need后面的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或代詞,這種情況下,need既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句和疑問句,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do或does.
1．need sth.
這是need最常見的用法之一,其后的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞,也可以是代詞.如：
1).We need a great deal of money now.我們需要和多錢.
2).They don’t it any more.他們不再需要它了.
3).Does your father need any help?你爸爸需要幫助嗎?
2．need doing 與 need to be done
need后面可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：
①.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；
②.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變.例如：
4).The door needs painting.
= The door needs to be painted.那扇門需要油漆一下.
5).Your car needs mending.
= Your car needs to be repaired.你的車需要維修了.
3．need to do sth.
作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,need后面需要接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,表示有義務(wù)或責(zé)任去做某事.如：
6).What do we need to take for the picnic?野餐我們需要帶些什么?
7).Will we need to show our passports?我們需要出示護(hù)照嗎?
8).You need to take good care of your mother.你要好好照料你媽媽.
二．用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的need具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般性質(zhì),要充分闡釋作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的need的用法,務(wù)必首先說明白情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主要特征：
①．沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化.不論主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱,不論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),情態(tài)都詞都無(wú)形式變化；
②．不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ).情態(tài)動(dòng)詞必須與一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ),并且這個(gè)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞要始終是動(dòng)詞原形.
③．變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)只需在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后加not.
④．變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí)只需將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)的前面.
這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的共性,作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的need當(dāng)然也具有這些共性.了解了這些還不夠,還要掌握作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need的一個(gè)個(gè)性,就是它只能用于否定句和疑問句,或用于由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,一般不能用于肯定句.理解了這些之后,我們便可以如此區(qū)分need的詞性了：只要need后面跟的是動(dòng)詞原形,它就是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.這時(shí),變否定,只需在其后加not；變?yōu)橐蓡柧?只需把它移主語(yǔ)的前面.例如：
9).Need I type this letter again?我需要重新錄入將這封信嗎?
10).There is enough time.You needn’t hurry.有的是時(shí)間,你不必著急.
11).The president wondered whether he need send more soldiers.總統(tǒng)不知道他是否要增兵.
12).---Must I hand in my homework now?現(xiàn)在我必須交作業(yè)嗎?
---No,you needn’t.不,你不必.
三．用作名詞
need作為名詞,含義為“缺乏,需要”；其復(fù)數(shù)表示“基本需要”.要掌握兩個(gè)詞組：in (great) need of（急需） 與meet the needs of(滿足……的需要).例如：
13).There’s no need for you to try again.你不必再嘗試了.
14).The factory is in great need of funds.那家工廠急需資金.
15).This house of the 1790’s can even meet the needs of the 21st century.這棟18世紀(jì)90年代的房子甚至能夠滿足21世紀(jì)的需要.
四．自我檢測(cè)
現(xiàn)在可能你很想知道你是否完全掌握了need的用法,請(qǐng)做下列練習(xí),進(jìn)行一次自我檢測(cè),將正確答案填寫在題前的括號(hào)中.
( ) 1.You any help,do you?
A.don’t need B.needn’t C.need D.doesn’t need
( ) 2.---Must I stay at the office this afternoon?---No,you .
A.don’t B.needn’t C.don’t need D.can’t
( ) 3.Tom get up a little earlier tomorrow.
A.needs B.need C.need to D.needs to
( ) 4.Need the doctor ________ with you tonight?
A.staying B.stay C.stays D.to stay
( ) 5.Look!Your shirt is so dirty.It .
A.need washing B.need to wash C.needs washing D.need wash
( ) 6.The supply can’t the demand.
A.meet need of B.meet the need of
C.meet the needs of D.meet needs of
( ).7.The hospital is blood.
A.in great need of B.on great need of
C.in great need with D.on great need with
( ) 8.Your room is full of dust.It .
A.need clean B.need cleaning
C.need to be cleaned D.needs to be cleaned
( ) 9.David anything to drink?
A.Need,…\ B.Needs,…\ C.Does…need D.Do…need
( ) 10.You to the meeting tomorrow if you have something important to do.
A.needn’t to come B.don’t need come
C.don’t need coming D.needn’t come
KEY:1-5.ABDBC 6-10.CADCD