have和has在用于英語表達動詞“有”的含義時,前者使用于第一人稱、第二人稱和各人稱復(fù)數(shù),has用于第三人稱單數(shù),同時它們也作為完成時態(tài)的助動詞存在,其用法和做實義動詞“有”的規(guī)則也是一樣的.
助動詞have的用法
1）have +過去分詞,構(gòu)成完成時態(tài),例如：
He has left for London.他已去了倫敦.
By the end of last month,they had finished half of their work.
上月未為止,他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半.
2）have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成完成進行時,例如：
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在學(xué)英語,已達十年之久.
3）have+been +過去分詞,構(gòu)成完成式被動語態(tài),例如：
English has been taught in China for many years.中國教英語已經(jīng)多年.
動詞have/has表示"有"時,它通常有三個含義:
A.表示"某人(在物質(zhì)上的)所有."這種情況下不能用there be替換.如:
I have a new watch.我有一塊新表.
He has a good friend.他有一個好朋友.
B.表示"某人或動物(在身體上的)長有".這種情況也不能用there be替換.
如:
She has blue eyes.她的眼睛是藍(lán)色的.
A horse has two ears.馬有兩只耳朵.
C.表示"某物體(在結(jié)構(gòu)上的)裝有".這種情況可以用there be替換.如:
A clock has a round face.= There is a round face on a clock.
鐘上裝有一個圓型的鐘盤.
That room has only two windows.= There are two windows in that room.
那個房間僅裝有兩扇窗戶.
The school has 14 classes.= There are 14 classes in the school.
那個學(xué)校有14個班級.
D.另外,表示"某人手中有某物"時,也用have/has.例如:
Mary has a glass of water in her hand.瑪麗手中端著一玻璃杯水.