except,besides,except for用法的關(guān)聯(lián)和區(qū)別
1.作介詞用法時(shí),這三個(gè)詞都有"除…之外"的含義,但except常與do／does／did／have／has／hadnothing等詞形成搭配用法,或者與全部肯定詞all、everything、everyone等連用,或者與全部否定詞nothing、nobody等連用,因此except加賓語(yǔ)作介詞"除…之外"時(shí)常表示從整體中剔除一部分；而besides作"除…之外"時(shí)則表示"另外附加"的含義,相當(dāng)于"in addition to".試比較下列例句:
1)He did not hing except watch TV yesterday.
2)He said nothing except to smile just now.
3)All the students took at rip except Tom yesterday.
4)We need 3 more persons to finish the job besides／inaddition to us two.
2.作介詞用法時(shí)的except后可接多種情況的介詞短語(yǔ).在這種情況下,except后的介詞是不可省去的,except加介詞的實(shí)際作用就相當(dāng)于連詞加相關(guān)的從句.例如:
1)The weather is fine today except in the northwest.此句相當(dāng)于:
The weather is fine today except that it is in the northwest.
2)His mother never takes any exercise except on the dance floor.此句相當(dāng)于:
His mother never takes any exercise except that she has adance on the floor.
需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是except與exceptfor的用法區(qū)別:
1)Except后排除的內(nèi)容與主語(yǔ)往往是同一類的,而exceptfor后所排除的內(nèi)容與主語(yǔ)往往不是同一類的.例如,試比較:
All the buildings are excellent except this one.
All the buildings are excellent except for their location或者All the buildings are excellent except that the place on which the buidings are built is notgood.
2)當(dāng)except用在句首時(shí)往往改用exceptfor.例如:
There was no single person in the dark street that night except apoliceman on his duty.此句相當(dāng)于:
Except for apoliceman on his duty,there was no single person in the dark street that night.
3.相當(dāng)于連詞用法的except與相當(dāng)于連詞用法的besides的區(qū)別仍然保持它們作介詞用法的含義.試比較下列例句:
1)Tom is a good student except that he is careless.此句相當(dāng)于:Tom is a goods tudent except for his carelessness.
2)Tom seldom comes late to school except when it rains hard.此句相當(dāng)于:Tom seldom comes late to school except on a heavily rainy day.