思路分析]
to sb.表示對(duì)某人有直接影響比如,食物對(duì)某人好或者不好就用to;
for表示從意義、價(jià)值等間接角度來(lái)說(shuō),例如對(duì)某人而言是重要的,就用for
[解題過(guò)程]
For和to這兩個(gè)介詞,意義豐富,用法復(fù)雜.這里僅就它們主要用法進(jìn)行比較.
1. 表示各種“目的”
1. What do you study English for? 你為什么要學(xué)英語(yǔ)?
2. She went to france for holiday. 她到法國(guó)度假去了.
3. These books are written for pupils. 這些書(shū)是為學(xué)生些的.
4. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算,作最壞的準(zhǔn)備.
2． 對(duì)于
1．She has a liking for painting. 她愛(ài)好繪畫(huà) .
2．She had a natural gift for teaching. 她對(duì)教學(xué)有天賦/
3． 表示贊成同情,用for不用to.
1. Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持還是反對(duì)這個(gè)想法?
2. He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表現(xiàn)了對(duì)普通老百姓的同情.
3. I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill.
4 for表示因?yàn)?由于（常有較活譯法）
1 Thank you for coming. 謝謝你來(lái).
2. France is famous for its wines. 法國(guó)因酒而出名.
5． 當(dāng)事人對(duì)某事的主觀看法,對(duì)于（某人）,對(duì)…來(lái)說(shuō)（多和形容詞連用）用介詞to,不用for..
He said that money was not important to him.
他說(shuō)錢(qián)對(duì)他并不重要.
To her it was rather unusual.
對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)這是相當(dāng)不尋常的.
They are cruel to animals. 他們對(duì)動(dòng)物很殘忍.
6． for和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容詞連用,表示適宜,適合.
Some training will make them fit for the job.
經(jīng)過(guò)一段訓(xùn)練,他們會(huì)勝任這項(xiàng)工作的.
Exercises are good for health.
鍛煉有益于健康.
Smoking and drinking are bad for health.
抽煙喝酒對(duì)健康有害.
You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing.
7. for表示不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ),可以用在主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)中.
1． It would be best for you to write to him.
2． The simple thing is for him to resign at once.
3． There was nowhere else for me to go.
4． He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.
8. 表示前往（某地）去某地,用for不用to
I bought a ticket for Milan.
I start for Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天去上海.
The ship is for Liverpool. 這艘船是開(kāi)往利物浦的.
9. 表示到達(dá)的目的地、終點(diǎn).用to不用for
The bus will take you to the post office. 公共汽車(chē)會(huì)把你送到郵局去的.
He saw her to the railway station. 他把她送到火車(chē)站.
10． 作為（意思接近as）for可以與to互換.
I’ll keep it for a souvenir. 我將把它留作紀(jì)念.
He spoke English so well that I took him for a foreigner.
他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)的那么好,我還以為他是外國(guó)人.
He took her to (or for) wife. 他娶她為妻.
11．for表示交換
1） I bought a bicycle for seven hundred yuan.
我以七百元買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē).
2） He is willing to work for nothing.
他愿意義務(wù)地工作.
12．表示就…來(lái)說(shuō),用for
He was tall for his age. 以他的年齡來(lái)說(shuō)他的個(gè)子是很高的.
For so young a man he had read widely. 作為這樣年輕的人,他書(shū)讀的是夠多了.
13．表示相應(yīng)、對(duì)應(yīng),一般for 的前后用同一個(gè)名詞.
Don’t translate word for word. 不要逐詞翻譯.
Blood for blood ! 血債血償.
Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. 以眼還眼,以牙還牙.
To 的此種用法表示貼著,對(duì)著.
The two lovers dance cheek to cheek.
這對(duì)情侶跳貼面舞.
They stood face to face ( back to back )
他們面對(duì)面（背對(duì)背）地站著.
14 to 和動(dòng)詞連用,表示“對(duì)”,“向”“給”等
Did you mention this to him? 你向他提到這事了嗎?
Give my love to your parents. 代我向你父母問(wèn)好.
http://blog.csdn.net/skyboy1977/archive/2008/11/07/3246771.aspx
實(shí)際上是有關(guān)介詞in和on的區(qū)別.介詞in和on在表示方位的時(shí)候,在用法上有如下區(qū)別：
in表示在……中,在……內(nèi),例如：
in the village（在村里）
in the street（在街上）
in the fields（在田里）
in the woods（在樹(shù)林里）
in the wall（在墻里面,例如在墻上打個(gè)釘）
on 表示在一個(gè)平面上,例如：
on the table（在桌上）
on the lake（在湖面上）
on the wall（在墻上,例如在墻的平面上掛幅畫(huà)）
再比較：
We swim in the river．（我們?cè)诤永镉斡荆?br/>We have a house on the river．（我們有座房子在河面上）
【in】我是“大姐”,因?yàn)槲液竺嫠拥亩际禽^長(zhǎng)時(shí)間.具體用法有：
1． 表示在較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里（如周／月份／季節(jié)／年份／世紀(jì)等）.如：in a week； in May； in spring／summer／autumn／winter； in 2008； in the 1990’s等.
2． 表示在上午、下午或晚上.如：in the morning／afternoon／evening.
3． in the daytime（在白天） 屬于固定搭配,指從日出到日落這一段時(shí)間,反義詞組是in the night.
4． “in ＋ 一段時(shí)間”表示“多久以后／以?xún)?nèi)”,常與將來(lái)時(shí)連用.如：in half an hour； in ten minutes； in a few days等.
【on】我是 “二姐”,我后面所接的時(shí)間多與日期有關(guān).具體用法有：
1． 表示在具體的某一天（如日期、生日、節(jié)日或星期幾）.如：on May 4th, 1919； on Monday； on Teachers’ Day； on my birthday； on that day等.
2． 表示某一天的上午、下午或晚上.如：on the morning of July 2； on Sunday afternoon； on a cold winter evening等.