1.現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,或者主動(dòng)形式,或者伴隨,如
正在進(jìn)行
He is reading a novel
主動(dòng)形式
Learning English is a necessity if you want to work aboard
伴隨
He runs into the classroom in a hurry,holding a book in his palm
或者
His failure in the exam ,making him very upset
2過去分詞表示動(dòng)作在過去已發(fā)生,或者被動(dòng)形式,
過去已發(fā)生
He failed in the exam last week
被動(dòng)形式
Seen from the window,the hills outside are very scenic.
3不定式表示一次性的動(dòng)作,或者表示目的
一次性
To pay a visit to Canada is my dream
目的性
To learn English well entails your continuous efforts
4to be done與being done的分別就是不定式和動(dòng)名詞的用法區(qū)別.
被動(dòng)式表達(dá)的是具體、一次性、將發(fā)生的.
動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是抽象、經(jīng)常性、已發(fā)生的.
所以它們的意思區(qū)別就一目了然：
前者意思是將要被完成,不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作
如 Although you have made great progress,there are much to be desired for you.
雖然你已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步,但你依然有許多事要去做
后者的意思是已經(jīng)被完成,用來表示動(dòng)作的正在（被）進(jìn)行或者表示原因、條件等
如I found that this work being finished in a hurry last week
我發(fā)現(xiàn)上星期的工作（正被）完成得很倉促.
5to have been done與having beening done
因?yàn)閔aving been done 這種結(jié)構(gòu),主要是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前,它和謂語動(dòng)詞之間有明顯的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系,它強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系,而且這個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止基本就結(jié)束了.如
Having been beaten by them ,I made my minds to study hard
to have been done:在謂語前發(fā)生且邏輯主語是不定式承受者,如
.No harm seems to have been done似乎并沒有造成傷害.