戰(zhàn)后蘇美戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略利益的沖突,社會(huì)主義和資本主義兩種社會(huì)制度矛盾的上升,導(dǎo)致了冷戰(zhàn).杜魯門(mén)主義出臺(tái)標(biāo)志著蘇美冷戰(zhàn)的全面開(kāi)展,馬歇爾計(jì)劃與莫洛夫計(jì)劃的對(duì)抗,是冷戰(zhàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的開(kāi)始,兩個(gè)朝鮮和兩個(gè)德國(guó)的出現(xiàn)是二戰(zhàn)和冷戰(zhàn)的產(chǎn)物.以美國(guó)為首的資本主義陣營(yíng)的以蘇聯(lián)為首的社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng),北約和華約兩大軍事集團(tuán)開(kāi)展了全面的緊張的對(duì)峙和對(duì)抗.
Post-war Sue beauty strategic target and strategy in the conflicts of interests, socialism and capitalism two kinds of social system contradiction, the rise of the led to the cold war. Truman doctrine issued marks Sue beauty of cold war in an all-round way, the Marshall plan and mo rove plan of the cold war against, in the economic field started, two north Korea and two German is the emergence of the world war ii and cold war of the product. Us-led capitalism with Soviet camp led socialist camp, NATO and compete two major military group conducted comprehensive tense confrontation and conflict.
二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí),盡管美蘇兩國(guó)對(duì)戰(zhàn)時(shí)利益和戰(zhàn)后安排各有打算,但它們?nèi)苑拇驍『拖麥绶ㄎ魉惯@一共同的首要的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),它們之間的關(guān)系是盟友關(guān)系.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)束,是美蘇關(guān)系發(fā)生了重大變化.美蘇兩國(guó)共同的敵人已被打倒,戰(zhàn)時(shí)共同的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)已經(jīng)達(dá)到,隨之而來(lái)的卻是美蘇之間的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想的戰(zhàn)略意義的根本沖突.
During world war ii, although u.s.s.r.opened in wartime interests and postwar arrangement has each plan, but they are still obey defeat and eliminating fascist this common primary strategic objectives, the relations between them are Allies relationship. The end of the war, is soviet-american relations significant changes have occurred. U.s.s.r.opened common enemy already bites of war, the common strategic target has been achieved, and subsequent is u.s.-soviet between the strategic target, strategic vision the strategic significance of the fundamental conflict.
二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,美國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略總目標(biāo)是主宰世界.二戰(zhàn)尚未結(jié)束時(shí),羅斯福就曾構(gòu)想戰(zhàn)后世界藍(lán)圖,其主要的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想是大國(guó)合作,特別是美蘇合作,同時(shí)安排戰(zhàn)后世界,共同維持戰(zhàn)后世界秩序,但是必須由美國(guó)充當(dāng)老大,主宰世界.杜魯門(mén)擔(dān)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)后,憑借美國(guó)作為世界頭號(hào)強(qiáng)國(guó)的地位,公開(kāi)宣稱(chēng)要“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界”,并通過(guò)實(shí)施霸權(quán)主義的政策和手段來(lái)追求這一目標(biāo).
After world war ii, America's strategic total goal is to dominate the world. At the end of world war ii has not yet, Roosevelt had conceived the post-war world blueprint, its main strategy conception was a big cooperation, especially u.s.-soviet cooperation, we will arrange the post-war world, jointly maintain the post-war world order, but must by American act as eldest brother, to dominate the world. President Truman, thanks to the United States as the world's leading powers status, declared that "leadership over the world", and through the implementation of policies and hegemony means to pursue this goal.
蘇聯(lián)是美國(guó)稱(chēng)霸世界的主要障礙,杜魯門(mén)政府的對(duì)蘇聯(lián)政策日趨強(qiáng)硬.它的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想是屏棄美蘇合作,一邊搞導(dǎo)彈威脅,一邊搞金元外交,使用霸權(quán)主義的政治,經(jīng)濟(jì),軍事手段,控制其他資本主義國(guó)家,爭(zhēng)奪亞非拉,施壓東歐,東亞社會(huì)主義國(guó)家,遏制蘇聯(lián),獨(dú)霸世界.
The Soviet union is the main obstacle to the United States overlord among states world, Truman government policy towards the Soviet union increasingly tough. Its strategic idea is reject u.s.-soviet cooperation, side make missile threat, side make jinyuan diplomatic, use hegemonism of political, economic, military means, controlling other capitalist countries, for Latin America, eastern Europe, east Asia pressure socialist country, curb the Soviet union, take over the world.
美國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想是為美國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略利益服務(wù)的.美國(guó)壟斷資產(chǎn)階級(jí)要求確保美國(guó)的“世界第一,越多越好”的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,這是戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)最重要的戰(zhàn)略利益.戰(zhàn)后初期,一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的情況是,美國(guó)需要為其遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)需求的生產(chǎn)能力,大量產(chǎn)品和大量資金,去最大限度地拓占海外市場(chǎng)和投資市場(chǎng).美國(guó)需要依靠其經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)和軍事力量來(lái)保持其頭號(hào)大國(guó)地位,力圖稱(chēng)霸世界.而蘇聯(lián)在戰(zhàn)后初期的戰(zhàn)略總目標(biāo)也是確保頭等大國(guó)地位和勢(shì)力范圍,并且發(fā)展壯大以蘇聯(lián)為首的世界社會(huì)主義體系,推進(jìn)世界革命.其主要戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想是,維持美蘇主導(dǎo)的雅爾塔體制,鞏固蘇聯(lián)在二戰(zhàn)中取得的戰(zhàn)略利益和勢(shì)力范圍,建立包括東歐在內(nèi)的保障蘇聯(lián)安全的屏障,增強(qiáng)蘇聯(lián)的國(guó)力,擴(kuò)大蘇聯(lián)的影響,推進(jìn)并領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界革命.確保蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展,爭(zhēng)取意識(shí)形態(tài)的勝利等是它的戰(zhàn)略利益,但最重要的是蘇聯(lián)安全利益.
America's strategic goal of strategic idea is for America's strategic interests service. The U.S. monopoly bourgeois needs to ensure that America's "world first, the more the better", this is the economic interests of the post-war America's most important strategic interests. The early postwar period, a state the obvious is that America needs for its far more than domestic demand of production capacity, a lot of products and a large number of capital, to maximize the extension of overseas market and capital market. America needs to rely on its economic reality and military force to maintain its leading superpower status, and tries to dominate the world. And the Soviet union in the early stage of postwar period of strategic total target is also ensure top superpower status and power range, and develop with the Soviet union led the world socialist system, and promoting world revolution. Its main strategic vision is to maintain u.s.-soviet dominant YaErDa system, consolidate the Soviet union during world war ii made strategic interests and turf, establish including eastern Europe, safeguard the Soviet union safety barrier, enhance the strength of the Soviet union, expand the influence of Soviet union and push and leading the world revolution. Ensure the Soviet economic recovery and development of ideology, strive for the victory, etc are its strategic interests, but the most important is the Soviet security interests.
一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為：“蘇聯(lián)的極權(quán)主義,共產(chǎn)主義意識(shí)形態(tài)的擴(kuò)張以及斯大林的偏執(zhí)狂”是冷戰(zhàn)產(chǎn)生的根源；另一種則認(rèn)為：對(duì)于冷戰(zhàn)的產(chǎn)生,美蘇都應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任.其實(shí)美國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)都想“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界”.美國(guó)要獨(dú)霸世界,而蘇聯(lián)決不準(zhǔn)許美國(guó)任意主宰世界.美國(guó)要使東歐變成所謂的“自由世界”,而蘇聯(lián)決不容許美國(guó)插足蘇聯(lián)的勢(shì)力范圍.美國(guó)要關(guān)心和擴(kuò)展它的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,而蘇聯(lián)要擔(dān)心和保障它的安全利益.美國(guó)要在全世界推行資本主義,包括美國(guó)的價(jià)值觀和生活方式；而蘇聯(lián)要在全世界推行社會(huì)主義,包括推行無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命和民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng).美蘇都認(rèn)為在剛剛經(jīng)歷二戰(zhàn)后必須避免雙方直接交戰(zhàn),但是,它們之間的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想,戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想,戰(zhàn)略利益的沖突和社會(huì)主義,資本主義兩種制度的對(duì)立,必然導(dǎo)致昔日盟友反目成仇.于是,冷戰(zhàn)是不可避免的.這是冷戰(zhàn)的根本起因.而杜魯門(mén)政府在戰(zhàn)略態(tài)勢(shì)上采取攻勢(shì),制定和推行了遏制蘇聯(lián)的冷戰(zhàn)政策,則是冷戰(zhàn)的直接起因.
A kind of view: "Soviet of totalitarianism, communist ideology of expansion and Stalin's paranoia" is the root causes of the cold war, Another thinks that for cold war of generation, the Soviet union and the United States are to blame. Actually, the United States and the Soviet union all want to "leading the world". America is to take over the world, and the Soviet union will not allow American arbitrary rule the world. America will make the eastern Europe into a so-called "free world", and the Soviet union will not allow U.S. involvement Soviet territory. America should care and expand its economic benefit, while the Soviet union to worry and guarantee its security interests. America should implement capitalism in the world, including the American values and lifestyles, And the Soviet union to push around the world, including implementation of socialist proletariat revolution and the national liberation movement. U.s.-soviet all think in just experience after world war ii, must avoid direct warring parties, but between them the strategic target, reasonable strategy, strategic conception, strategic interests conflict and socialism and capitalism two systems, must cause the opposition of the former Allies into beasts of burden. Hence, cold war is inevitable. This is the fundamental cause of the cold war. The strategic situation and Truman administration on attack and formulate and implement the containment of the Soviet union, cold war policy is the direct cause of the cold war.