英語(yǔ)里面只有后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,也就是及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
1) 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
appear,die disappear,end (vi.結(jié)束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand
break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place.
After the fire,very little remained of my house.
比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞.
(錯(cuò)) The price has been risen.
(對(duì)) The price has risen.
(錯(cuò)) The accident was happened last week.
(對(duì)) The accident happened last week.
(錯(cuò)) The price has raised.
(對(duì)) The price has been raised.
(錯(cuò)) Please seat.
(對(duì)) Please be seated.
要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的.特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法.解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累.
2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：
fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at / in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn
It sounds good.
4) 帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
die,death,dream,live,life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí),很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
(對(duì)) She likes to swim.
(錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her.不能被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，就一定也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，這種說(shuō)法成立嗎？如果不，怎么判斷，謝謝！這樣說(shuō)不行，有些詞可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如happen就是，至于怎樣判斷就要靠自己平時(shí)的積累了，這里也沒(méi)有什么特別好的方法語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)比表主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)一般將來(lái)時(shí)will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V.)will+be+done(V. p.p)一般過(guò)去時(shí)①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+being+done(V. p.p)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+being+done(V.p.p)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have\has+done(V. p.p.)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+done(V. p.p.)had+been+done(V. p.p.)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done(V. p.p.)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/should +V.would/should be + done(V. p.p.)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的口訣一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)用be +及物動(dòng)詞的.過(guò)去分詞，be有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)、數(shù)變。完成時(shí)態(tài)have（has）done，被動(dòng)將been加中間。一般將來(lái)shall（will）do，被動(dòng)變do為done。將來(lái)進(jìn)行無(wú)被動(dòng)，shall（will）be doing?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，have（has）been done?，F(xiàn)、過(guò)進(jìn)行be doing，被動(dòng)be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語(yǔ)變。否定助后加not，疑問(wèn)一助置主前。主語(yǔ)恰是疑問(wèn)詞，直陳語(yǔ)序主在前。一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。