主謂一致有許多原則,概括起來(lái)不外乎三種一致原則,即：語(yǔ)法形式一致；概念一致(語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)容上一致)；毗鄰一致(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和緊位于其前的主語(yǔ)一致).
另外,根據(jù)代詞應(yīng)該在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、性等方面與所指的詞保持一致,還有指代一致.
一、語(yǔ)法形式一致







1、單數(shù)主語(yǔ)、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)以及句子作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式.復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ),用and或both…and連接的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)以及主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：
Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我們是否去要取決于天氣的好賴(lài).
What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.
我所思考的和我所尋求的都在這個(gè)論文中體現(xiàn)了出來(lái).
2、由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟在主語(yǔ)后面,不能看作是并列主語(yǔ),該主語(yǔ)不受這些詞組引導(dǎo)的插入語(yǔ)的影響,主語(yǔ)如是單數(shù),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然用單數(shù)形式.例如：
The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.
教材加上參考書(shū)對(duì)大學(xué)學(xué)生是非常有益的.
The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.
那個(gè)人和他妻兒老小坐在沙發(fā)上看電視.
3、有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,當(dāng)它們?cè)诰渥又凶髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí),盡管在意義上是多數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍要用單數(shù)形式.這類(lèi)代詞有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等.例如：
Neither likes the friends of the other. 兩人都不喜歡對(duì)方的朋友.
Everything around us is matter. 我們周?chē)乃袞|西都是物質(zhì).
4、當(dāng)and連結(jié)的兩個(gè)名詞是指同一個(gè)人或同一件事,and后的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式；在and后面的名詞前有冠詞,謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：
The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早飯供應(yīng)黃油面包.
The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黃油和面包.
5、當(dāng)one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式.例如：
One of those students has passed the examination. 這些學(xué)生只有一個(gè)考試及格了.
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.
為語(yǔ)音課提前準(zhǔn)備了一系列錄音磁帶.
6、由one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或the majority of + 名詞作作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定.例如：
The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的損壞品都容易修理.
7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不可數(shù)名詞的謂語(yǔ)只用單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞的謂語(yǔ)視可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.例如：
There is plenty of water in the pail. 桶里還有好多水.
There are plenty of eggs in the box. 箱子里有好多雞蛋.
8、由more than one (或more than one + 單數(shù)名詞),many a + 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式.例如：
More than one student has passed the examination. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生通過(guò)了這次考試.
Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 許多孩子在認(rèn)字前就學(xué)會(huì)了游泳.
9、如果名詞詞組中心詞是“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：
Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 四分之三多的土地已經(jīng)收回了.
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
到場(chǎng)的三分之二的人都反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃.
10、定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與先行詞一致.例如：
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
被選出來(lái)代表該組的人他是其中之一.
“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident.
“鎮(zhèn)靜”是事故發(fā)生時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記的第一條原則.
二、概念一致(語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)容上一致)
1、有些集合名詞如crowd, family, team, orchestra(管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)), group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等,它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)容而定.如果它們作為一個(gè)集體單位時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如就其中的各個(gè)成員來(lái)說(shuō),則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：
His family is going to move. 他準(zhǔn)備搬家.
His family are very well. 他家人身體都好.
2、有些表示總體意義的名詞,形式上是單數(shù),而意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry(家禽)等.例如：
The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.
警察正在搜尋一位膚色黝黑、長(zhǎng)胡子的高個(gè)子男人.
3、有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù).如news, means, works.還有許多以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng),如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等,它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式.例如：
Politics is a complicated business. 政治學(xué)是一門(mén)復(fù)雜的東西.
Here is the news. 下面播送新聞.
4、用and連接的單數(shù)主語(yǔ),前面有each, every, many a, no等修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式.復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)與each連用時(shí),應(yīng)不受each的影響,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：
Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.
每個(gè)男孩、女孩都是以同樣的方式對(duì)待的.
Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 很多姑娘小伙子都見(jiàn)過(guò).
The old workers and the young each have their own tools.
青老年工人都各自有自己的工具.
5、表示重量、度量、衡量、價(jià)值的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式.例如：
Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 二十里地可是個(gè)不近的路程.
Three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk. 三品脫還不至于把我灌醉.
the +形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如主語(yǔ)指的是一類(lèi)人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指的是單個(gè)人或抽象概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.例如：
The departed was a good friend of his. 死者是他的一位好友.
三、毗鄰一致(就近原則)
1、由連詞or, neither…or, either…or, not only … also, nor等連接的并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式按毗鄰一致的原則,與貼近它的主語(yǔ)一致.例如：
Either you or he is no telling the truth. 不是你就是他沒(méi)講真話.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.
不僅開(kāi)關(guān),連那些老化了電路都已經(jīng)更換了.
2、在there be 的結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般也采取就近原則.例如：
There is a desk and four benches in the office. 辦公室有一張桌子,四條長(zhǎng)凳.
There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 辦公室有兩把椅子一張桌子.
四、代詞的指代一致
指代一致是指句中的代詞應(yīng)該在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、性等方面與所指的詞保持一致.也是考試中的一個(gè)?？键c(diǎn).
1、當(dāng)everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),相應(yīng)的代詞一般采用單數(shù)形式.例如：
If anyone calls, tell him I’ll be back later. 如果有人找我,就說(shuō)我一會(huì)回來(lái).
Everyone thinks he is the center of universe. 每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為自己是宇宙的中心.
2、由neither … nor, not only … but also, either … or, not … but, or等連結(jié)的并列主語(yǔ),其后的附加疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)代詞.例如：
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? 你我都沒(méi)錯(cuò),對(duì)吧?
Both Tom and Jack came, didn’t they? 湯姆和杰克都來(lái)了,對(duì)不對(duì)?
3、當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是one, 并要在句子中多次出現(xiàn)時(shí),一般用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)代詞來(lái)代替后面將出現(xiàn)的one或one’s;當(dāng)one在句子中泛指人時(shí),在反意疑問(wèn)句中也可用you來(lái)代替.例如：
One should never blame his friends even his friends committed some careless mistakes.
當(dāng)朋友犯了疏忽的小錯(cuò)時(shí)不要老指責(zé)朋友的過(guò)失.
One can’t be too careful, can you (one)? 一個(gè)人無(wú)論怎么樣小心都不為過(guò),對(duì)不對(duì)?