帶括號的是要解釋的成分
主語 subjecte.g. (Tom)is a nauty boy.
謂語 predicate可由行為動詞構(gòu)成 I (bought) a car.
也可由系表結(jié)構(gòu)組成 She (is beautiful).The book (is on the desk).
They (are traitors).
賓語Object 通常是名詞或代詞 I bought (a car). They are playing (basketball).
表語 predicative 通常是放在聯(lián)系動詞的后面,可以是名詞,形容詞,介詞短語,不定式,分詞和從句 eg. She is (a poor girl).
She is (poor).
She is (on the playground).
She is (to go shopping).
She is (having a good time).
The reason he was absent was (that he was ill).
定語attribute 用于修飾名詞或代詞 (clever) monkey,(my) bike,
(dancing) girl, （the original) one
狀語 adverbial 用于修飾動詞或形容詞或副詞 study (well),(a little) cold,(very) fast
補語 complement 用于補充不完整的意思I think it (feasible).(賓補)
They are asked (to defend the country). （主補）
同位語 apositive 是主語的同位成分 American prisident (Obama), professor (Kate)
一般簡單的英語句子有以下幾種構(gòu)成方式
主謂SV（subject + verb）He plays. 其中包括主系表Subject+Link verb+predicative
e.g.Leaves turn green.
主謂賓SVO (subject+verb+object)I prefer ice-cream.
主謂賓賓SVOO(subject+verb+indirect object+direct object)He passed me salt.
主謂賓補SVOC(subject+verb+object+complement) The high price makes it (hard to sold).
除了這些句子主干成分外,其他的可以根據(jù)其功能去區(qū)分.
當然了,還有更復雜的,如從句和懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)等,這只是基本句式.