1 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“助動詞be +過去分詞”.被動語態(tài)的謂語動詞有各種時態(tài)變化,以動詞take為例,將被動語態(tài)常見時態(tài)的動詞形式列表如下：
一般現(xiàn)在時
現(xiàn)在進行時
現(xiàn)在完成時
一般將來時
am/is/are
taken
am/is/are
being taken
have/has been
taken
will/shall be
taken
一般過去時
過去進行時
過去完成時
過去將來時
was /were
taken
was/were
being taken
had been
taken
would/should
be taken
從上表中可以看出,被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)變化都是通過助動詞“be”的各種時態(tài)來表示的,因此只要知道“be”的時態(tài)形式,也就掌握了被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成
2 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化
被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時態(tài)的變化而變 化.以do為例,各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：
　　1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時
　　例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時
　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed,and we're ready to start.
　　3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時
　　例A new cinema is being built here．
　　4） was/were done 一般過去時
　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
　　5） had been done 過去完成時
　　例 By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
　　6） was/were being done 過去進行時
　　例A meeting was being held when I was there.
　　7） shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般將來時
　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
　　8） should/would be done/ was\were going to be done/ was\were about to be done/was\were to be to done一般將來時
　　例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
　　9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）
　　例The project will have been completed before July.
　　10） should/would have been done 過去將來完成時（少用）
　　例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.