摘要
1926年第一套1219mm熱軋帶鋼軋機(jī)在美國問世,幾十年來,熱帶連軋機(jī)無論從生產(chǎn)能力、軋制速度、軋制技術(shù)、軋機(jī)布置以及配套設(shè)施等方面都發(fā)生了巨大的變化,軋機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)形式逐漸趨向由大型化、連續(xù)化向集約化、緊湊式的連軋方向發(fā)展,軋制速度由不足10m/s到最大提高至28.5m/s；成品帶材厚度也由最薄2-5mm達(dá)到0.8mm,精度為±25μm；單機(jī)年產(chǎn)量上升到300-500萬噸.
Abstract：
The first set of 1219mm hot rolled strip mill was introduced in 1926 in the United States. For the past few decades, it had experienced great changes in terms of production capacity, rolling speed, rolling technology, mill layout and auxiliary facilities; the structural type of the mill had been shifting from big-sized and continuous process to the intensive and compact approach; rolling speed was increased from less than 10 m/s to 28.5 m/s; thickness of the finished products was improved from the optimum thinness of 2-5 mm to o.8 mm with ±25μm accuracy, and the annual output of a single machine was upgraded to 3-5 million tons.
熱軋帶鋼精軋機(jī)是生產(chǎn)熱軋板卷的主體軋制設(shè)備,生產(chǎn)出高質(zhì)量的熱軋帶材除了需要有現(xiàn)代化的熱軋帶鋼連軋機(jī)、先進(jìn)工藝、先進(jìn)檢測手段和現(xiàn)代化科學(xué)管理以外,還要具有不同材質(zhì)、性能優(yōu)異的軋輥來保證.合格軋輥的主要使用性能應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足芯部具有足夠的強(qiáng)度和工作層應(yīng)具有足夠的耐磨性及韌性.軋輥?zhàn)鳛檐堜撋a(chǎn)中重要的大型工具,其性能和使用狀況的好壞直接影響到所軋制產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)作業(yè)效率的發(fā)揮.即使制造質(zhì)量合格的軋輥,由于使用不當(dāng)仍會在軋鋼過程中出現(xiàn)故障,甚至連帶引發(fā)軋制設(shè)備的損壞.因此,軋輥制造技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和軋輥使用維護(hù)對于鋼鐵工業(yè)的發(fā)展起著重要的作用.
Hot rolled strip finishing mill is the main rolling equipment for producing hot rolled coil. In order to produce top quality hot rolled strips, other than requiring a modernized hot rolled strip mill, state-of-the-art technology, advanced testing method and modern scientific management, the assurance for the excellent performance of rollers made with different materials is also a must. The prerequisites of a qualified roller are adequate tensile strength in its core, and sufficient wear-resistance and toughness of the working claddings. As an important large-scale tool in the production of rolled strip steel, the rollers’ performance and working condition have a direct impact on the quality of the product and the production efficiency as well.
But only by manufacturing qualified standard rollers is not enough, because the inappropriate use of the rollers will cause malfunction during the rolling process, it may even lead to equipment damages. Therefore, the advancement of the manufacturing technology and operating maintenance of the rollers plays an important role in the development of the steel industry.
軋輥失效是由多種因素相互影響和相互作用引起,其失效形式也多樣.但只要了解軋輥損壞原因,針對具體的損壞形式采取相應(yīng)措施,軋輥失效可以得到有效控制,可以最大限度降低輥耗,從而提高軋輥的使用壽命.本文通過我廠生產(chǎn)的熱軋帶鋼精軋工作輥在國內(nèi)外用戶現(xiàn)場使用中出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行調(diào)查,歸納出熱軋帶鋼精軋機(jī)工作輥的常見的失效形式,主要有工作層剝落失效、輥身斷裂失效、輥頸斷裂失效、熱裂紋失效、軋輥表面和表面以下缺陷（氣孔、夾雜、亮斑/花斑等）失效等形式.我們通過對軋輥失效形式的系統(tǒng)分析,闡述了其萌生、擴(kuò)展及最終失效的機(jī)理,并提出了經(jīng)過科學(xué)試驗(yàn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)而得出的防止該類軋輥失效產(chǎn)生的有效措施,這無論是對軋輥制造還是軋輥使用都具有一定的參考價(jià)值.
The failure of the rollers is caused by the interplay and interaction of many factors, and the failure can happen in various forms. But this problem can be effectively controlled if the cause of the roller damage can be identified and corresponding measures are adopted directly against the specific damage; thus roller wear will be reduced to the fullest extent and the service life of the rollers will be enhanced. By conducting investigations on the problems happened locally and abroad during the application process of the hot rolled strip mill rollers manufactured by our plant, this article summarizes the rollers’ common forms of failure, and they are mainly as follows: working cladding peeling off, roller body breakage, roller neck breakage, heat cracking, defects on and under the roller surface (gas pockets, entrainments, bright spots/speckles). By applying systematic analysis on these forms of roller failure, we expound the failure mechanism from its formation, proliferation and to the ultimate failure; we also propose some effective measures derived from scientific experiments and lessons learned, to prevent the occurrence of roller failures. These measures have certain reference values irrespective whether it is from the manufacture or the application perspectives.
關(guān)鍵詞：熱軋帶鋼,精軋工作輥,軋輥失效,工作層剝落,斷裂,熱裂紋,缺陷
Key words: hot rolled strip steel; rollers of precision rolling; roller failure; working cladding peeling off; breakage; heat cracking; defects.
【英語牛人團(tuán)】