except,besides,except for用法的關聯(lián)和區(qū)別
1.作介詞用法時,這三個詞都有"除…之外"的含義,但except常與do／does／did／have／has／hadnothing等詞形成搭配用法,或者與全部肯定詞all、everything、ev?eryone等連用,或者與全部否定詞nothing、nobody等連用,因此except加賓語作介詞"除…之外"時常表示從整體中剔除一部分；而besides作"除…之外"時則表示"另外附加"的含義,相當于"in addition to".試比較下列例句:
1)He did not hing except watch TV yesterday.
2)He said nothing except to smile just now.
3)All the students took at rip except Tom yesterday.
4)We need 3 more persons to finish the job besides／inaddition to us two.
2.作介詞用法時的except后可接多種情況的介詞短語.在這種情況下,except后的介詞是不可省去的,except加介詞的實際作用就相當于連詞加相關的從句.例如:
1)The weather is fine today except in the northwest.此句相當于:
The weather is fine today except that it is in the northwest.
2)His mother never takes any exercise except on the dance floor.此句相當于:
His mother never takes any exercise except that she has adance on the floor.
需要強調的是except與exceptfor的用法區(qū)別:
1)Except后排除的內容與主語往往是同一類的,而exceptfor后所排除的內容與主語往往不是同一類的.例如,試比較:
All the buildings are excellent except this one.
All the buildings are excellent except for their location或者All the buildings are excellent except that the place on which the buid?ings are built is notgood.
2)當except用在句首時往往改用exceptfor.例如:
There was no single person in the dark street that night except apoliceman on his duty.此句相當于:
Except for apoliceman on his duty,there was no single person in the dark street that night.
3.相當于連詞用法的except與相當于連詞用法的besides的區(qū)別仍然保持它們作介詞用法的含義.試比較下列例句:
1)Tom is a good student ex?cept that he is careless.此句相當于:Tom is a goods tudent except for his carelessness.
2)Tom seldom comes late to school except when it rains hard.此句相當于:Tom seldom comes late to school except on a heavily rainy day.