肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞
否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has not +過(guò)去分詞
疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞
7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)
①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ have/has+ 過(guò)去分詞
②否定句：主語(yǔ)+ have/has+ not+過(guò)去分詞
③疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has +主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞
(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
①表示到目前為止曾經(jīng)有過(guò)的或未曾有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷和體驗(yàn).常和never, ever, several times等連用.
如：
I’ve never been to Africa.
Have you ever been to Tokyo?
I’ve been there three times.
②. 表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,現(xiàn)在剛剛完成,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一定的影響.常與just, already, yet, so far等詞語(yǔ)連用.
如：
He has just finished his new book.
注意：just now用于過(guò)去時(shí).
③.表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去.通常與\x0bfor或since連用.
如：I have lived in Qingdao for 6 \x0byears. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/\x0bsince I came to this city.
It is/has been …+ since….
It’s been seven years since we last saw each other.
It’s six years since he was a teacher.
注意:for+一段時(shí)間,since后接一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子.
④ 在表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替將來(lái)完成時(shí).
如：
You can go home when you have \x0bfinished your work.
比較：You can go home when you \x0bfinish your work.
(3) 過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成
① 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾后直接加-ed.
如：
listen-listened, talk-talked
② 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,直接加-d.
如：
live-lived, hope-hoped
③ 以輔音字母加y接尾的動(dòng)詞,y變i,再加-ed.
如：
worry-worried, hurry-hurried
④ 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫(xiě)輔音字母,再加-ed.
如：
drop-dropped, plan-planned, stop-stopped
⑤ 不規(guī)則變化
如：
cut-cut-cut, come-came-come
begin-began-begun, lend-lent-lent
選自魏老師《高考語(yǔ)法完全突破》視頻講座記憶大綱