英語語法——分詞作狀語
1. 分詞作狀語實際把狀語從句簡化.簡化的條件：其邏輯主語一定要與主句的主語保持一致.
While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
----Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
Because he was shy, he didn’t come to the party.
----Being shy, he didn’t come to the party.
As the book is written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
----Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
2. 分詞作狀語時可分為以下幾種形式：
* doing： 用來表示主動,且前后動作同時進(jìn)行.
Returning home later, my friend learned that the policehad been to the flat.
* having done: 用來表示主動,且動作發(fā)生在主句之前.
Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.
* being done: 用來表示被動,且前后動作同時進(jìn)行.
Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.
* done: 用來表示被動且完成
Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.
* having been done: 用來表示被動,而且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作持續(xù) 一段時間或次數(shù).
Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.
* 否定形式： not/ never + 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
Not studying hard, he didn’t pass the test.
Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous.
3. 分詞作狀語如果前后主語一致可簡化時間、條件、原因、結(jié)果和伴隨等狀語從句.
(條件)
If you work harder, you will do better in the exam next time.
---- Working hard, you will do better in the exam next time.
（時間）
After I did my homework, I went back home.
----Having done my homework, I went back home.
(伴隨）
He hurried to the station and hoped to catch the last train.
---- He hurried to the station, hoping to catch the last train..
(原因)
Because my friend was frightened of losing his job, he said nothing to the police.
----Frightened of losing his job, my friend said nothing to the police.
(結(jié)果)
His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic and left him an orphan.
---- His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic, leaving him an orphan.
注意： 分詞不做目的狀語,只有動詞不定式可以.
To get high marks in the mid-exam, he cheated.
To be listed on the top of 500 largest enterprises in the world, a company should meet the following requirements.
Not to forget the key points, he wrote them down.
Exercises:
1. The plane crashed and killed 120 lives.
--The plane crashed, killing120 lives.
2. I suffered a headache yesterday, so I wasn’t in a good mood.
--Suffering from a headache yesterday, I wasn’t in a good mood.
3. When I saw them, I went down to meet them.
--Seeing them, I went down to meet them.
4. Because he has lived in Beijing for many years, he knows the city very well.
--Having lived in Beijing for many years, he knows the city very well.
5. Because it is recorded on the tape, the dictionary is available to the blind.
n Recorded on the tape, the dictionary is available to the blind.
n
6. As I was troubled by my conscience, I wrote a letter to the teacher counselor.
-- Troubled by my conscience, I wrote a letter to the teacher counselor.
7. When you are being spoken to, you should look at the other.
--Being spoken to, you should look at the other.
8. After Miss Zhong explained the text, it became clearer to us.
--Explained by Miss Zhong , the text became clearer to us.

4. 注意過去分詞作狀語的用法: 一般認(rèn)為, 無論在從句中的動詞是被動語態(tài)還是過去分詞作形容詞, 都直接用過去分詞.
As he is tired, he wants to sit down and relax.
--Tired, he wants to sit down and relax.
As he is born and brought up in a big city, he knows nothing about farming.
--Born and brought up in a big city, he knows nothing about farming.
He came in to the room and he was very excited.
--He came in, excited.
As he was filled with confidence, he left a good impression on the interviewers.
--Filled with confidence, he left a good impression on …
He is walking along the street and a sorry-looking dog is following him.
---He is walking along the street, followed by a sorry-looking dog.
If we see the earth from the moon, it looks like a water ball.
----Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a water ball.
5.當(dāng)狀語從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間早于主句的動作, 分詞短語可用having+ 過去分詞完成形式,(一般用于時間和原因), 但注意下例動詞可不用以上結(jié)構(gòu). (know, hear, see, arrive, learn等)
Not knowing where he was, I had to go alone.
Learning that he won’t come, I don’t what to do.
Hearing the sad news, I felt disappointed.
Arriving at the station, I found the last train gone.
6. 為了便于理解, 有些連詞可仍然放在分詞短語的前面.
1. While going to school, I met my former classmate.
2. Once seen, it won’t be forgotten.
3. Though tired, he is still in high spirits.
4. If heated, the metal expands.
6. If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
7. He stood there as if remembering something.
8. I won’t go there unless invited.
9. I won’t speak to Miss Zhong until spoken to first.
10. When asked if I had knocked the pot to the ground, I denied.
注意: 有些連詞不能保留,只能用介詞.
As soon as I discovered the error, I went back to tell her about it.
On discovering the error, I went back to tell her about it.
Before he was interviewed, he had got well prepared.
Before being interviewed, he had got well prepared.
After the girl was operated on, she came to.
After being operated on, she came to.
7. 分詞作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持 一致.
When hearing the news, tears came down.
Right: When I heard the news, tears came down.
While learning English, a good dictionary is necessary.
Right: While we are learning English, a good dictionary is necessary.
Since moving to Bejing, we haven’t heard from him.
Right: Since he moved to Beijing, we haven’t heard from him.
注意： 但一些分詞短語無需考慮前后主語一致,永遠(yuǎn)保持固定結(jié)構(gòu). 如： generally speaking ； strictly speakingspeaking of ； judging from ；provided that…. ;talking of…
considering…; given….; supposing that…
1. General speaking, the weather in Shanghai is mild.
2. Considering her age, she looks old.
3. Judging from his abilities, he can do the job.
4. Speaking of Britain, it is separated from Europe by the English Channel.
5. Provided that he fails to come, what shall we do?
下列句子對嗎?
1).Trying again, and you will have a fresh idea.
錯誤. 分詞作狀語是非謂語,而非句子,因此與主句之間不再添加連詞.
Trying again, you will have a fresh idea.
Try again, and you will have a fresh idea.
If you try again, you will have a fresh idea.
2.) He got off the bus, bought some fruit and went home.
正確. 當(dāng)幾個動作連續(xù)發(fā)生時,時態(tài)保持一致,最后兩個動作之間用and 連接.
3. ) He fell off the bicycle, hurt his leg.
錯誤. 在這兒hurt his leg 時結(jié)果狀語,而且動作是主動的.
He fell off the bicycle, hurting his leg.
8. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：有時狀語從句與主句之間的主語不一致,而且也
無法調(diào)整,那么除了用狀語從句之外,也可用獨 立主格結(jié)構(gòu),即保
留從句的主語,省略連詞,用分詞作非謂語.
After the job was done, they went back home.
--The job done, they went back home.
As there was nothing to do, we sat there talking.
--There being nothing to do, we sat there talking.
If time permits, we will visit another place.
--Time permitting, we will visit another place.
As the problem was settled, the meeting was over.
--The problem settled, the meeting was over.