動(dòng)名詞（gerund）和現(xiàn)在分詞（present participle）的區(qū)別
所謂動(dòng)名詞(gerund)就是名詞,只是保有一些動(dòng)詞的功能.所以它在句中可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等那些名詞可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?
而現(xiàn)在分詞(present participle)相當(dāng)于形容詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)
所以當(dāng)-ing形式出現(xiàn)在句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)時(shí),它肯定時(shí)gerund.
當(dāng)-ing形式出現(xiàn)在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它肯定是present participle.
它們有可能被弄錯(cuò)的是作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí).其實(shí)也很好區(qū)分
1.作表語(yǔ):我們知道,名詞和形容詞都可以作表語(yǔ).
This is water(n.).
It is transparent(adj).
這時(shí)你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于n.它就是gerund.反之相當(dāng)于adj.時(shí)它就是present.participle.
The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring.
One of the best exercises is swimming.
2.作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別我在回答中已經(jīng)解釋了.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途,和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系.
a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleeping
a sleeping child = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主語(yǔ),sleep是child發(fā)出的動(dòng)作)
(呵呵下面再請(qǐng)你告訴我它們分別是什么吧!
a swimming girl
a swimming pool
3.最后來(lái)解釋修飾他們到底該用是adv,還是adj.
無(wú)論是Present participle.還是gerund,它們都叫做動(dòng)詞的-ing形式(所以若有人分不清它們時(shí),多把它們混為一談).也就是說(shuō)它們都有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),故而都可用adv修飾.
eg:Reading a novel intently,I didn’t realize he came in.(reading,現(xiàn)分作狀語(yǔ),用adv intently修飾)
eg:My dream is speaking English perfectly.(speaking動(dòng)名詞,副詞perfectly修飾.)
但gerund不僅有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),它也有名詞的特點(diǎn),這就決定了它也可以像名詞一樣用物主代詞,形容詞來(lái)修飾.
Would you mind my(物主代詞) sitting here?
The mellow(愉快的,形容詞) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.