1. 用于“there（here,now,then）+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的句型中,或以in, out, down, up, away等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里,以示強(qiáng)調(diào).例如：
There goes the bell.鈴響了.
Now comes your turn.現(xiàn)在輪到你了.
Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand.那個(gè)男孩手里拿著一個(gè)蘋果沖出去了.
【考例】For a moment nothing happened. Then ______ all shouting together.
A. voices had comeB. came voices
C. voices would comeD. did voices come
【解析】B.副詞then位于句首,句子應(yīng)使用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序,將動(dòng)詞直接移到主語(yǔ)前面.
注意：當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí),盡管副詞位于句首,主謂語(yǔ)序不倒裝.例如：
Out they rushed.他們沖出去了.
Here he comes.他來(lái)了.
2. 表示方位意義的介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞短語(yǔ)位于句首作狀語(yǔ)且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be或表示“位于、存在”的動(dòng)詞或“位置移動(dòng)”的單個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí).例如：
From the valley came a frightening sound.從山谷傳來(lái)嚇人的聲音.
South of the city lies a chemical factory.城南有一家化工廠.
【考例】① At the foot of the mountain ___________.
A. a village lieB. lies a villageC. does a village lieD. lying a village
【解析】B.At the foot of the mountain是表示方位意義的介詞短語(yǔ),位于句首時(shí),句子要使用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序.
②In the dark forest _____, some large enough to hold several English towns.
A. stand many lakesB. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lieD. many lakes stand
【解析】B.In the dark forest是表示方位意義的介詞短語(yǔ),位于句首時(shí),句子要使用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序.
3.作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí).例如：
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.他們想對(duì)中國(guó)人怎樣就怎樣的日子一去不復(fù)返了.
Such is her wish. 這就是她的愿望.
Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.出席會(huì)議的有懷特教授和許多其他客人.
二、部分倒裝
將謂語(yǔ)的一部分（即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞）提到主語(yǔ)前的稱部分倒裝.如果句中沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,謂語(yǔ)只是一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,要在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,主語(yǔ)后的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用原形.常見(jiàn)的有：
1.當(dāng)“so(such)…that…”結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首時(shí),構(gòu)成部分倒裝句.
【考例】① So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was
【解析】C.so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首時(shí),構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,本句中attack是名詞,故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.
②—Did you see who the driver was?
—No, so quickly_________ that I couldn’t gat a good look at his face.
A. did the car speed byB. the car sped by
C. does the car speed by D. the car speeds by
【解析】A.so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首時(shí),構(gòu)成部分倒裝句.根據(jù)時(shí)間關(guān)系,應(yīng)選用過(guò)去時(shí),故選A.
2.由so,neither,nor開(kāi)頭的句子,表示重復(fù)前面句子的部分意思（肯定用so,否定用neither或nor）,但前后兩句的主語(yǔ)不同,該替代句式要部分倒裝.
【考例】① If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _______.
A. he will eitherB. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will
【解析】B.條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示否定意義,主句重復(fù)前面句子的部分意思,否定用neither或nor.
②—My room gets very cold at night.
—___________. (2007 江蘇卷)
A. So is mine B. So mine isC. So does mine D. So mine does
【解析】C.重復(fù)前面句子的部分意思,肯定用so.并且前一句中使用了實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,故用助動(dòng)詞代替.
③Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.（2005全國(guó)卷Ⅲ）
A. so does John B. John does so
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
【解析】D.前面句子中表示否定意義,后面句子重復(fù)前面句子的部分意思,否定用neither或nor.
3. 當(dāng)具有否定意義的詞或詞組（no, not, never, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, by no means, in no case/way, at no time等）位于句首時(shí),要用部分倒裝,這是近年來(lái)高考測(cè)試的熱點(diǎn).
【考例】①Little _____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose careB. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
【解析】A.Little是含有否定意義的副詞,位于句首時(shí),句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序；結(jié)合狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和整個(gè)句子的意思可知,應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),故選擇A項(xiàng).
② —How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely _________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attractD. attracted a debate
【解析】B.Rarely是含有否定意義的副詞,位于句首時(shí),句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序.
③ I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ______with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfied　　
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
【解析】D.by no means是含有否定意義的詞組,位于句首,句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序.
4. 某些連詞,如not only…but (also)…, hardly…when…, no sooner…than…等開(kāi)頭連接句子時(shí),第一個(gè)分句的主謂要部分倒裝.
【考例】①The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only_______, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved
C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy
【解析】B.not only…but (also)…連接句子時(shí),第一個(gè)分句的主謂要部分倒裝.
②－Did Linda see the traffic accident?
－No, no soonerthan it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
【解析】A.no sooner…than…連接句子時(shí),第一個(gè)分句的主謂要部分倒裝,并且該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)非常固定,no sooner后面用過(guò)去完成時(shí),than后面用一般過(guò)去時(shí).
注意：not until引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí),not until的從句不倒裝,主句倒裝.
【考例】Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.
A. Mum did goB. did Mum goC. went Mum D. Mum went
【解析】B.not until引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí),not until的從句不倒裝,主句使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序.
5. only位于句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要用部分倒裝.注意：only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句中倒裝,從句中不倒裝；only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),則不用倒裝語(yǔ)序.
【考例】① Only then___________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realize
【解析】D.only位于句首,修飾副詞時(shí),要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序.then是過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,故排除C項(xiàng).
② _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
【解析】A.only位于句首,修飾介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序.從后面的部分倒裝語(yǔ)序可知,應(yīng)使用only.
③ Only after my friend came _________.
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
【解析】C.only位于句首,修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序.計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)該是“被修理”,故使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
6. 當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí),可以把if省去,把從句中的were,had,should等放在從句前面,構(gòu)成部分倒裝.
【考例】①________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be
【解析】B.根據(jù)句意可知,前面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,構(gòu)成是should +v.或were to + v..省略if后要使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序.只有B項(xiàng)符合符合要求.
②What would have happened _______, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk farther
C. had bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther
【解析】C.根據(jù)句意可知,這是一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的復(fù)合句,期構(gòu)成是：條件狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句中用would / could /should…+完成時(shí).省略if后使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,只有C項(xiàng)符合.
7. 當(dāng)as / though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可出現(xiàn)“名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞”或“動(dòng)詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞”的倒裝形式.當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),名詞前不加任何冠詞.例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,他懂得很多.
Try as he would, he might fail again.盡管他努力嘗試了,他還可能失敗.
【考例】①Unsatisfied _________ with the payment, he took the job just to got some work experience.
A. though was heB. though he was C. he was thoughD. was he though
【解析】B.though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,分詞可放在though的前面,此時(shí)主謂不倒裝.
②_______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
【解析】D.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),應(yīng)使用“名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞”的倒裝形式.故D項(xiàng)正確.
③_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student
【解析】B.as / though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可出現(xiàn)“名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞”的倒裝形式.當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),名詞前不加任何冠詞.故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.
③_______, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. She might as try D. Might she as try
【解析】A.as / though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可出現(xiàn)“動(dòng)詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞”的倒裝形式.
8. 當(dāng)however, no matter how引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常把“however / no matter how +形容詞/副詞”放在句首,此時(shí)主謂不倒裝.
【考例】You should try to get a good night’s sleep much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
【解析】A.however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常把“however +形容詞/副詞”放在句首,此時(shí)主謂不倒裝.