1
中學(xué)英語情態(tài)動詞用法歸納與練習(xí)
A
can / could = be able to
1
表示能力兩種時態(tài)
can (could)
,其他時態(tài)要用
be able to
的形式
He can speak French.
Was/were able to
可以表示成功做成某事的含義
* managed to do / succeeded in doing
2
表示請求或許可
Could
比
Can
更加客氣
Can I go now?Y
es,you can.
3
表示推測或可能性,常用于否定句和疑問句
Today is Sunday.He can't be at school.
Could have done
可用在肯定句中表示過去存在的可能性
* may have done
She could have gone out with some friends yesterday
.
Could have done
可以表示虛擬語氣
,
某事可能發(fā)生（并沒有發(fā)生）
It was silly to throw the TV out of the window.It could have hit somebody.
B may and might
的用法
1
表示請求和允許
類似用法
can could(
更加口語化
)
May I watch TV now?
Y
es,you may
.
2
表示可能性
;
猜測
might
比
may
更加不確定
may/might have done
對過去的揣測
*
May not
可能不；不可能；一定不可
3
表示祝愿
Wish you success!May you succeed!*
C must and have to
1
表示必須；一定要
可以用
have to
代替
must
現(xiàn)在；將來的必須
而且是主觀看法
*
have to
有多種時態(tài)
而且強調(diào)客觀情況
I really must stop smoking now.
I had to leave early because I wasn’t
feeling well.
Must I come here?
Y
es,you must.No,you needn’t.needn’t / don’t have to
must not
2 must
表示推測
意思非?？隙?br/>“
一定是
”“
一定會
”
It must be raining outside.
Must have done
對過去
/
完成的推測
*
must have done,didn’t / hasn’t
Must be doing
推測現(xiàn)在正在進行
He must have gone over the article,hasn’t he?
D need and dare
過去時
dared
情態(tài)動詞和實意動詞的區(qū)別
A
人稱變化
B do / to do
C
直接否定
/
間接否定
can
work
Need /dare
肯定句中,實義動詞
She needs to do it.I dare to do it.
使用在否定句
,
疑問句中,情態(tài)動詞,實義動詞.
I dare not do it.
I don’t dare (to) do it.
I need not do it.
I don’t need to do it.
1 need
情態(tài)動詞
無時態(tài)；人稱的變化
多用于疑問句和否定句
Y
ou needn’t try to explain.
Needn’t = don’t have to
Needn’t have done
sth
過去本不必做某事
*
虛擬語氣
3 dare
情態(tài)動詞
過去時
dared
無人稱的變化
多用在疑問句和否定句
Dare he tell them what he knows?
4 dare
實義動詞
有時態(tài)；
人稱的變化后接
to do
用于疑問句和否定句時
其后的
to
有時可省
略
Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall?
E will and would
1
表示征求對方
(
第二人稱
)
意見或詢問對方意愿
would
比
will
更客氣委婉
Would
與
used to
的區(qū)別
*
Would
只能用來表示重復(fù)的動作而不能表示狀態(tài)
Used to
既可表示動作也可表示狀態(tài)
,
強調(diào)現(xiàn)在不如此
He used to be a university student.
2 shall
肯定句中
表示說話人強烈的感情
允許,命令,禁止和威脅
*
2
These rules shall be obeyed.
4 should
表示勸告,建議
= ought to
應(yīng)該
You should wash your hands first.
Should
主要表示主觀看法
*
Ought to
客觀情況
法律、規(guī)定、義務(wù)的使用