賓語補足語,（以下簡稱賓補）顧名思義,是對賓語的補充,使得句子的內(nèi)容更完整更充足.句子中是否有賓補,是由謂語動詞決定的.有些動詞不但要求有賓語,而且要求有賓補,如果丟掉賓補,就不成為句子,或意思走樣.賓補一般跟在賓語之后.請看下面的例句,并注意觀察：哪些詞或詞組充當了賓補,把賓補去掉行不行：
1.We all call him Jack.我們大家都稱他杰克.Jack 是賓補,用來說明 him.名詞充當賓補.
2.He made me angry.他使得我很生氣.angry 是賓補,用來說明 me,形容詞充當賓補.
3.Put your book down.把你的書放下.down 是賓補,用來說明 your book.副詞充當賓補.
4.Put your book into your schoolbag.把你的書放到書包里.into your school bag 是賓補,用來說明 your book.介詞短語充當賓補.
5.I will help you to learn English.我將幫助你學(xué)英語.to learn English 是賓補,用來說明 you.動詞不定式短語充當賓補.
6.Keep the water boiling for ten minutes.保持水沸騰10分鐘.boiling 是賓補,用來說明 the water.現(xiàn)在分詞充當賓補.
7.She had had the water delivered from the pump to her house.她讓人把這水從泵那兒運到她家.delivered 是賓補,用來說明 water.過去分詞充當賓補.
主語補足語,（以下簡稱主補）顧名思義,是對主語的補充,使得句子更加完整.請看下面的例句,并注意觀察謂語動詞的語態(tài)：
1.He was called Jack.他曾被人稱為杰克.Jack 是主補.
2.I was made angry.我被人氣壞了.angry 是主補.
3.The book was put there.那本書曾被放在那里.there 是主補.
4.The book was thrown into a dustbin.那本書曾被扔進垃圾箱.into a dustben 是主補.
5.The boy was made to work hard 10 hours a day.那男孩曾被迫一天干10小時的重活.to work hard 是主補.
6.The water was kept boiling for ten minutes.水被保持沸騰10分鐘.boiling 是主補.
7.The cup was found broken.茶杯被發(fā)現(xiàn)已打破了.broken 是主補.
可以看出,這些含有主補的句子都是被動語態(tài).也就是說,一個含有賓補的句子,如果轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài),那么原來的賓補就變成了主補.與賓補一樣,主補也是不能丟掉的.
但是還有一類主補不是出現(xiàn)在被動語態(tài)的句子中,例如：
1.He left home a poor worker ten years ago and came back a rich business man.十年前他離家時是個窮工人,但回來時已是富有的生意人.a poor worker 和 a rich business man 均是主補.
2.His father died young.他的父親死得早.young 是主補.
這種主補在語法界有爭議,有的語法學(xué)家把這樣的句子稱為“雙重謂語句”,這里就不多講了.