1）apart from就比較復(fù)雜了.apart from = in addition to/besides + except (for)也就是說apart from兼有上述三種用法.
2）except指同類排除,即前后名詞屬于同一屬性.如：All the students went there except Tom.其中students和Tom為同一屬性.
3.）except for指整體中的細(xì)節(jié)修正,即前后名詞為整體/局部的關(guān)系.如：The house is nice except for the chimney.The article is well written except for some spelling mistakes.其中的the house和the chimney,the article和some spelling mistakes之間就是整體和局部的關(guān)系.
4）besides不能加that,是指besides不能加上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,但是except可以加上that/when/what引導(dǎo)的從句.原因就在于,能加that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的介詞很少,一般只有except/in.如：The girl is very beautiful except that her hair is a little grey.I walk to school every day except when it rains.I believe you except what you told me just now.
5）in addition to = besides指內(nèi)部互斥,即前后名詞可以合為一個(gè)整體.如：The other students also went there besides/in addition to Tom.其中的the other students和Tom可以合為the students,并且“兩部分都去了”.