1.who指人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2.whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),常可省略.
(1) Mr.Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替,可省略.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3.which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4.that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which.在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略.
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用,如：look for,look after,take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)
2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which,不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)
3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞
(1) He loved his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom are from big cities.
四．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1.when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2.where指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3.why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.