英語翻譯
早期的目錄是手寫的 ,但是在17世紀印刷式目錄開始出現(xiàn)
Early catalogs were written out by hand,but in the 1600s printed catalogs
started to be made.
二十世紀零零年代中期 ,書目形式的目錄是最常見的
By the mid-1900s catalogs in book form were the most common.
對於一個大型的圖書館 ,他們將會管理許多的書籍
For a large library,they would run to many thick volumes.
印刷式目錄很難和其他編目組織、排版、校對、印刷 ,他們將在出版之前就過時
Printed catalogs were hard to organize,with all the cataloging,
typesetting,proofreading,and printing,and they were out of date before they were published.
新書必須手工增加
New books had to be added by hand.
在那個世紀 ,卡片式目錄在發(fā)展後期更容易跟上時代 ,然而大量的卡片式目錄使用不方便 ,管理困難
Card catalogs were developed later in that century and were easier to keep up to date,but large card catalogs were unwieldy and hard to manage.
卡片大約盛行了一個世紀
Cards reigned for about a century.
現(xiàn)在 ,我們在線上目錄的時代
Now we are in the era of the online catalog.
↓這句不會翻譯　:(
Three of the four ideas we’re following were not much in evidence through most of library history.
在20世紀之前 ,我們知道沒有原則被訂下 ,標準化和國際化扮演了小角色
We know of no axioms set down before the 1900s,and standardization and internationalization played small roles
除了,或許,在像亞歷山大圖書館(埃及)這樣的地方 ,一個巨大的圖書館擁有國際化的顧客
(except,perhaps,at places like the Library of Alexandria,an enormous library with an international clientele).
僅在過去的70年里 ,“作品”的概念已經(jīng)被充實
The idea of the “work” has been fleshed out only in the last 70 years.
↓這句不會翻譯　:(
Devotion to users has been an important thread through all of library history,
不管圖書館是大是小 ,它的書籍是在石頭上還是紙上
regardless of whether the library was small or large and whether its books
were on stone or paper.
Thomas Hyde ,17世紀一個英國牛津大學博德利圖書館的館員 ,在作者目錄上工作了艱難的九年
Thomas Hyde,a librarian at the Bodleian Library at Oxford University in the seventeenth century,worked for nine hard years on an author catalog.
1674年 ,他在序中寫到 ” 雖然我精疲力竭 ,我不認為我應該抱怨或撤回我的脖子上的枷鎖 ,然而倔將的勞動 ,甚至忽視了我的健康 ,所以我會盡力找到問題 ,盡快圓滿的結束”
In its preface in 1674 he wrote,“For though I was exhausted,I did not think I should complain or withdraw my neck from the yoke,but labored stubbornly,neglecting even my health,so that I might draw the matter as rapidly as possible to a successful close.”
↓這句不會翻譯　:(
He finished by saying,“In this work I have given students a tool to enable each of them to construct for himself and with ease out of this forest of materials an index of selected books that will serve to advance in no small measure his private studies.”