過去分詞作定語時(shí)的考查

過去分詞作定語時(shí),通常可替換某些定語從句.此時(shí)要注意兩點(diǎn):首先,在被替換的定語從句中,主語必須是作從句主語的關(guān)系代詞;其次,定語從句中的謂
語動(dòng)詞通常使用表示已經(jīng)完成的時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語態(tài).
例如:
1.Prices of daily goods_______through a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002北京春招)
A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
思路分析:此題考查過去分詞短語作后置定語的用法.我們可以把bought through還原成一個(gè)定語從句:Prices of daily goods that are bought through a computer...可知最佳答案為B項(xiàng).
2.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_______the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
思路分析:此題考查see sb./sth. done句型.因the plan與carry out邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故答案為C,其中that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語從句.
3.The Olympic Games,_______in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
思路分析:the Olympic Games與play之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故排除A、D項(xiàng).B項(xiàng)是不定式的被動(dòng)式,表示"未來",也可排除,因此,C項(xiàng)是對的.它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句which were first played.
4.The first text books_______for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written
思路分析:A項(xiàng)不能作后置定語,B項(xiàng)表示未來的動(dòng)作,C項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.text books與write之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且原題中的the first text books與came out in the 16th century也可暗示考生選written,表被動(dòng)且完成的意思,故答案為D項(xiàng).
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
英語中及物動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài),即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài).主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者.被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成.助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化.
可見,雖然都有被動(dòng)的含義,但是過去分詞做后置定語側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作.
從結(jié)構(gòu)上說,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的都成需要借助be動(dòng)詞,而過去分詞則不需要.