初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)所有知識(shí)點(diǎn)及練習(xí)：
【知識(shí)梳理】
I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. Sit down
2. on duty
3. in English
4. have a seat
5. at home
6. look like
7. look at
8. have a look
9. come on
10. at work
11. at school
12. put on
13. look after
14. get up
15. go shopping
II. 重要句型
1. help sb. do sth.
2. What about…?
3. Let’s do sth.
4. It’s time to do sth.
5. It’s time for …
6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…
7. Where is…? It’s….
8. How old are you? I’m….
9. What class are you in? I’m in….
10. Welcome to….
11. What’s …plus…? It’s….
12. I think…
13. Who’s this? This is….
14. What can you see? I can see….
15. There is (are) ….
16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…
17. Whose …is this? It’s….
18. What time is it? It’s….
III. 交際用語(yǔ)
1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….
2. Hello! Hi!
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?
5. See you. See you later.
6. Thank you! You’re welcome.
7. Goodbye! Bye!
8. What’s your name? My name is ….
9. Here you are. This way, please.
10. Who’s on duty today?
11. Let’s do.
12. Let me see.
IV. 重要語(yǔ)法
1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；
2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；
3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；
4. 冠詞的基本用法；
5. There be句型的用法.
【名師講解】
1. in/on
在表示空間位置時(shí),in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi),on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上.例如：
There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥.
There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖.
2. this/that/these/those
(1)this常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式.that常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事,those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：
You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子,我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子.
I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車,不是那一輛.
Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去.
This is mine; that’s yours. 這個(gè)是我的,那個(gè)是你的.
These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果,那些是橘子.
(2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是對(duì)方.例如：
This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是瑪麗.你是誰(shuí)?
3. There be/ have
There be "有",其確切含意為"某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物."其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ).There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ),be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致,be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are.例如：
(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂.
(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃.
(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果.
總之,There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有".have表示"擁有,占有,具有",即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.).主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞,與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系.例如：
(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟,一個(gè)姐姐.
(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間.
4. look/ see/ watch
(1)look 表示“看、瞧”,著重指認(rèn)真看,強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作,表示有意識(shí)地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒對(duì)方注意.,如：
Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧!孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲.
Look! What’s that over there? 看!那邊那個(gè)是什么?
單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞,如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物,其后接介詞at,才能帶賓語(yǔ),如：
He’s looking at me.他正在看著我.
(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果,著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,意思是“看到”,see是及物動(dòng)詞,后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ).如：
What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么?
Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?
(3)watch“觀看,注視”,側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面,表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程,常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等.如：
Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽.
4. put on/ / in
put on意為“穿上,戴上”.主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞.
in 是介詞,表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài).在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ).如：
It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣.
He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子,走了出去.
The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽.
5. house/ home/family
house ：“房子”,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”,指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family:“家庭“,“家庭成員”.例如：
Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái).
He is not at home. 他不在家.
My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉?
6. fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意,但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ),而后者僅用作表語(yǔ).主要區(qū)別在于：
(1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)",形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康",也
可以用來(lái)指"天氣晴朗".例如：
Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康.
That's a fine machine. 那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器.
It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候.
(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表,有"美好","漂亮"的意思,也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人.例如：
Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮.
These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看.
Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興.
It's very nice of you. 你真好.
(3)good形容人時(shí)指"品德好",形容物時(shí)指"質(zhì)量好",是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ).例如：
Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生.
The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好.
(4)well只可用來(lái)形容人的"身體好",但不能作定語(yǔ),它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ),多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后.例如：
I'm very well, thanks. 我身體很好,謝謝.
My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好.
【考點(diǎn)掃描】
中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：
1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；
2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；
3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；
4. 冠詞的基本用法；
5. There be句型的用法.
6. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；
7. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ).
考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子.
【中考范例】
1. (2004年北京市中考試題)
Mary, please show ________ your picture.
A. myB. mineC. ID. me
【解析】答案：D.該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法.本題中動(dòng)詞show后面跟雙賓語(yǔ),空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語(yǔ).
2. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題)
_________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.
A. AB.AnC. /D. The
【解析】答案：D.該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法.因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子,所以用定冠詞the.
3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題)
---What _______ the number of the girls in your class?
---About twenty.
A. isB. amC. areD. be
【解析】答案：A.該題考查的是動(dòng)詞be的用法和主謂一致.the number作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱,動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閕s.
4. (2004年陜西省中考試題)
There _______ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will haveB. is going to beC. hasD. is going to have
【解析】答案：B.該題考查的是There be…句型和動(dòng)詞have用法區(qū)別.There be句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物”,不能和動(dòng)詞have混在一起用.
【滿分演練】
一. 單項(xiàng)填空
1. ---What colour is the bike?
---It’s _______ orange.
A. anB. aC. /D. the
2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________.
A. myB. IC. mineD. me
3. ---Oh, your kite is very nice.
---__________________.
A. That’s rightB. No, it’s not niceC. Yes, it isD. Thank you
4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young.
A. isB. seesC. looksD. watches
5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home.
A. toB. inC. forD. on
6. ---________ is your coat?
---The black one.
A. WhatB. WhereC. WhichD. How
7. ---________ is the toy?
---It’s on the bed.
A. WhoB. WhereC. WhatD. Whose
8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there.
A. itB. theyC. theirD. them
9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch, please?
A. lookB. look likeC. look afterD. look at
10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher.
A. / / B. at; toC. after; /D. on; after
11. ---Whose dress is this?
---It’s _________.
A. LucyB. Lucy’sC. JimD. Jim’s
12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister.
A. atB. inC. onD. with
13. There is a bird ______ the tree.
A. inB. onC. toD. of
14. There are many ________ in our school.
A. woman teachersB. woman teacher
C. women teacher D. women teachers
15. ---Is there a ball under the desk?
---______________________.
A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there’s
C. No, there isn’t D. No, there is
16. There _______ some books and a pencil on the desk.
A. amB. isC. areD. be
17. ---Let me help you.
---_______________.
A. You’re welcome B. Thanks very much
C. Don’t worryD. Yes, thanks
18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher.
A. The; anB. An; anC. The; theD. A; a
19. ---What _____ five plus six?
---It’s eleven.
A. amB. isC. areD. /
20. ---What ______ you see in the picture?
---I can see some flowers.
A. mustB. canC. areD. do
二. 完形填空
This is a picture of Kat’s ____1____. What can we ____2_____ in the picture? Look ____3____ it, please. The man ____4____ the black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The ____5____ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, he’s ____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____ young, too.
1. A. familiesB. familyC. parentsD. brothers
2. A. look B. do C. seeD.put
3. A. at B. afterC. forD. up
4. A. onB. ofC. in D. to
5. A. man B. girlC. women D. woman
6. A. areB. isC. look likeD. looking
7. A. sisterB. brotherC. fatherD. aunt
8. A. What’s B. Where’s C. Who’sD. How is
9. A. hisB. her C. ourD. their
10. A. looks B. amC. lookD. very
三. 在B欄中找出A欄英語(yǔ)句子的正確答語(yǔ)
(A)(B)
1. How are you?A. I am in Row 6.
2. Can you spell it, please?B. Fine, thank you.
3. How do you do?C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book.
4. What row are you in?D. It is ten.
5. What’s two plus eight? E. Nice to meet you, too.
6. Nice to meet you. F. I am 14.
7. How old are you? G. Wang Ping is.
8. Who’s not here?H. It’s here.
9. Where is the bag? I. It’s a book.
10. What is this in English? J. How do you do?
四. 完成對(duì)話：在對(duì)話后面的句子中選出正確的填入空白處
Jim:Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours?
Ann:Let me have a look.________1_______. I think it’s Sam’s. My dog is brown.
Jim:Sam, look at the dog behind the tree.________2__________?
Sam:Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Mary’s.
Jim:_____________3______________?
Sam:She’s my friend. Look! She’s over there. Let’s go and ask her.
Jim:_______________4_______________.
Sam:Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours?
Mary: _______________5_______________.
Sam:It’s a lovely dog! Don’t lose it!
Mary: Yes, thank you.
A. Who’s Mary
B. OK, let’s go
C. Oh, no it’s not mine
D. Oh, yes. It’s mine
E. Is it yours
五. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box.
2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under the bed.
3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this?
4. ---Are these trousers _______ (you)?
---No, they aren’t ________ (we)
5. It’s time ________ (go) and play games.
6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I).
7. I have two ________ (baby).
8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car.
9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater.
10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in America.
六. 閱讀理解
(A)
Bob was born in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capable woman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes.
根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容,判斷下列句子的正誤：正確地答“A”,錯(cuò)誤的答“B”.
1. Bob was born in a small and rich family.
2. He has two brothers and a sister.
3. There are five people in his family.
4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private primary school.
5. “He is an apple in their eyes” means “They love him very much”.
(B)
Look at the clothes line in the twins' bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the clothes line are black. They are not new but clean. Are they Lily's clothes? No. I know they are Lucy's. Lily's clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes tree, but it's not Lily's, it's Lucy's. There is an old hat on Lucy's bed in the room, it's Lily's. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lily's.
1. What can you see in the bedroom? I can see __________.
A. a clothes line B. a treeC. a bed
2. What colour are Lucy's trousers? They are ________.
A. greenB. blackC. brown
3. Where is Lucy's hat? It's on _________.
A. the clothes treeB. the clothes lineC. lily's bed
4. How many beds are there in the room? ________.
A. only oneB. threeC. two
5. Are there any things on Lily's bed? ________.
A. Yes, there is a hat on it
B. No, there is not anything on it
C. Sorry, I don't know
(C)
It's a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall.
There are two Chinese in the bus. One is woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much.
1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall __________.
A. by bike B. by carC. by plane D. by bus
2. There are __________.
A. only one Chinese in the busB. only two Chinese in the bus
C. only two Chinese on the bikeD. only one Chinese in the car
3. The driver is __________.
A. a manB. a womanC. a CanadianD. an American
4. The people __________.
A. are singingB. are talkingC. are listeningD. are looking at the wall
5. They __________.
A. can see the Great Wall B. can speak English very well.
C. want to talk with the man very muchD. want to see the Great Wall very much