The sky appears blue to us on a clear day,because the atoms of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere separate the suns white light into its many colors,and scatter them throughout the atmosphere.
晴天,我們看天空是藍(lán)色的,因?yàn)榇髿庵械雍脱踉訉⑻?yáng)的白光分解成許多種顏色,分散在大氣層中.
The wavelength of the blue light scatters better than the rest,predominates over the other colors in the light spectrum,and makes the sky appear blue to us.
藍(lán)色光波的波長(zhǎng)散射情況比其他顏色的光波都好些,在光譜中,它處于主導(dǎo)地位 ,因此它使天空呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色.
The scientific name for this phenomenon is the Tyndall effect,more commonly known as Rayleigh scattering.
這種現(xiàn)象的科學(xué)名稱為"泰多爾效應(yīng)",更普遍的稱之為"雷萊散射".
This phenomenon describes the way in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earths atmosphere that are 1/10th in diameter of the color of the light.The light spectrum ranges in wavelength from red to violet,and,since the wavelength of the blue light passes through the particles with greater ease than the wavelengths of the other colors of light,the sky appear blue to the naked eye.
這種現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明了光線通過(guò)地球大氣微粒時(shí)的物理散射方式.大氣微粒的直徑為有色光直徑的十分之一.光譜是按波長(zhǎng)由紅到紫排列的.由于藍(lán)色光的波長(zhǎng)比其他顏色的光的波長(zhǎng)更容易通過(guò)大氣微粒,所以我們憑肉眼看到的天空呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色.
The human eye has three types of light receptors,known as cones,located in the retina.The cones are either considered to be red,or blue,or green,based upon their strong response to light at these wavelengths.As light stimulates these receptors,our vision translates the signals into the colors we see.
人眼具有三種類型的光接收器,稱之為錐體,分布在視網(wǎng)膜上.按照錐體對(duì)不同的光波的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度,它們或者是紅色的,或者是藍(lán)色的,或者是綠色的.當(dāng)光線刺激這些接收器時(shí),我們的視覺就將信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成我們所見到的顏色.
When gazing at the sky,the red cones respond to the small amounts of red light scattered,and even less strongly to the orange and yellow wavelengths.Although green cones respond to yellow,their response to scattered green and green-blue wavelengths is stronger.Finally,colors near the strongly scattered blue wavelengths stimulate the blue receptors.
當(dāng)我們的眼睛看著天空時(shí),紅色錐體只對(duì)少量散射的紅光做出反應(yīng),對(duì)橙色及黃色光的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度更弱些,但它對(duì)散射的綠光及綠--藍(lán)光波反應(yīng)更強(qiáng)烈.最終,散射強(qiáng)度大的藍(lán)色光波附近的色彩刺激人眼的藍(lán)色接收器.
In short,the skylight stimulates the red and green cones almost equally,while stimulating the blue cones more strongly.For these reasons,our vision naturally adjusts as clearly as possible to separate colors.
總之,天空的光線刺激紅色錐體和綠色錐體的強(qiáng)度幾乎相等,而刺激藍(lán)色錐體的強(qiáng)度最大.由于這些原因,我們的視覺自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié),能盡可能清楚地將不同色彩分開.