賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動(dòng)詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.
1.賓語從句的連接詞
從屬連詞
連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.
that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.
He told that he would go to the college the next year
他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué).
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試.
連接代詞
連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
我不知道你該依靠誰.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?
連接副詞
連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
你能展示給我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.
2.動(dòng)詞的賓語從句
大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的.
部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會(huì)的所有票都買光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?
動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句
常見的這些詞有:
make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.
可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句
①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非常遺憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要.
②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)尋要在賓語與從句前加it
這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.
I take it that you will agree with us.
我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is it neutral.
開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.
③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.
3.介詞的賓語從句
用wh-類的介詞賓語從句
We are talking about whether we amdit students into our club.
我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.
用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句
有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.
4.形容詞的賓語從句
常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我確信我會(huì)通過考試.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.
5.if,wheter在賓語從句中的區(qū)別
①if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if
②少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.
③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.
⑤避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.
6.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that
當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);
當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí);
當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí);
當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);
當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略;
當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí);
當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí);
當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí);
當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí);
當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí);
在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).
7.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主句是謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won’t come to my party.
我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì).
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?
如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是?
8.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序
當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語從句的時(shí)候一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.
當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)的時(shí)候
①從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否在讀.
②從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary.
③從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
記者問政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.
如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).
當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.