英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜,但仔細觀察不外乎五個基本句式.這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復雜的英語句子.換言之,絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的.這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結構 S十V十F主系表結構 S十V十O主謂賓結構 S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結構 S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結構 說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補足語 五個基本句式詳細解釋如下：1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物動詞,又叫自動詞(vi.).例如：He runs quickly.他跑得快.They listened carefully.他們聽得很仔細.He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨凍受餓.China belongs to the third world country.中國屬于第三世界國家.The gas has given out.煤氣用完了.My ink has run out.我的鋼筆水用完了.2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系動詞(link v.),常見的系動詞有：look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等.例如：He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老.He seen interested in the book.他似乎對這本書感興趣.The story sounds interesting.這個故事聽起來有趣.The desk feels hard.書桌摸起來很硬.The cake tastes nice.餅嘗起來很香.注意：有些動詞同時也是及物動詞,可構成SVO句式,例如：He looked me up and down.他上下打量我.He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手來摸象.They are tasting the fish.他們在品嘗魚.3..S十V十O句式 在此句式中,V是及物動詞(vt.),因此有賓語.例如：I saw a film yesterday.我昨天看了一部電影.Have you read the story?你讀過這個故事嗎?They found their home easily.他們很容易找到他們的家.They built a house last year.他們去年建了一所房子.4.S十V十O1十O2句式 在此句式中,V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞.常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get；rob,warn等.例如：He gave me a book/a book to me.他給我一本書.He brought me a pen/a pen to me.他帶給我一枝鋼筆.He offered me his seat/his seat to me.他把座位讓給我.注意下邊動詞改寫后介詞的變化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me.媽媽給我買了一本書.He got me a chair/a chair for me.他給我弄了一把椅子.Please do me a favor/a favor for me.請幫我一下.注意,下邊動詞只有一種說法：They robbed the old man of his money.他們搶了老人的錢.He's warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危險.The doctor has cured him of his disease.醫(yī)生治好了他的病.5.S十V十O十C句式 在此句式中,V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞.常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞.常見的可接賓語補足語的動詞很多,哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補,須根據(jù)動詞的慣用法而定,不能統(tǒng)而概論.請看下面的例子.They made the girl angry.他們使這個女孩生氣了.They found her happy that day.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興.I found him out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了.