反意疑問句是英語四大問句之一,它是由一個陳述句加上一個短問句而構(gòu)成的.反意疑問句的基本構(gòu)成形式是：陳述句+動詞(肯定或否定)+主語?如：
①She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she? ②You don’t like sports, do you?
使用反意疑問句要注意以下若干對應(yīng)規(guī)則：
一、 反意疑問句中問句部分的動詞與陳述部分的動詞在語氣上成相反的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,即：
肯定+否定? 否定+肯定?如：
①You can’t do it, can you? ②They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?
二、 反意疑問句中問句部分的動詞與陳述部分的動詞種類要對應(yīng)一致.如：
①He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? (不能用hasn’t he?)
②They have known the matter, haven’t they? (不能用don’t they?)
三、 反意疑問句中問句部分的動詞在時態(tài)上應(yīng)和陳述部分的時態(tài)一致.如：
①They will go to town soon, won’t they?(不能用don’t they?或 aren’t they?)
②He works very hard, doesn’t he?(不能用didn’t he?或won’t he?)
四、 反意疑問句的陳述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語時,陳述部分要視為肯定含義,問句部分用否定形式.如：
①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用is he?)
②The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)
③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)
五、反意疑問句的陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞時,問句部分用肯定式.如：
①She never tells a lie, does she?(不用doesn’t she?)
②He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?)
六、反意疑問句的陳述部分為I am……時,問句部分習(xí)慣上用aren’t I?表示.如：
I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
七、反意疑問句的陳述部分為I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that從句時,問句部分的動詞及主語與that從句內(nèi)的動詞和主語保持一致.如：
①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?
②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t we?)
八、反意疑問句的陳述部分為I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that從句時,從句為否定意義,問句部分的動詞和主語仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式.如：
①I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)
②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)
九、反意疑問句的陳述部分為非第一人稱主語+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that從句時,問句部分的動詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動詞和主語保持一致.如：
①They all think that English is very important, don’t they? (不用isn’t it?)
②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn’t/ was it?)
十、反意疑問句的陳述部分為主語+said( told, reported, asked……) + that從句時,問句部分的動詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動詞和主語保持一致.如：
①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they? (不用hadn’t you)
②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用wouldn’t she?)
十一、陳述部分的主語為不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything時,問句部分的主語用it.如：
①Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?②Nothing has happened to them, has it?
十二、陳述部分的主語為不定代詞somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)時,問句部分的主語用he或 they,這時問句動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和he或 they一致.如：
①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
②Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they?
十三、陳述部分為Let me……時,問句部分習(xí)慣上用shall I? 或will you?形式.如：
Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)
十四、陳述部分為Let us……時,問句部分習(xí)慣上用will you?形式.如：
Let us stop to rest, will you?
十五、陳述部分為Let’s……時,問句部分習(xí)慣上用shall we?形式.如：
Let’s go home together, shall we?
十六、陳述部分用上述情況以外的祈使句時,問句部分一般用will you?形式表示請求,用won’t you?形式表示委婉請求或邀請.如：
①Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you? ②You feed the bird today, will you?
③Please open the window, will you?(won’t you?)
十七、陳述部分為否定祈使句時,問句部分一般用will you?形式.如：
Don’t make any noise, will you?
十八、陳述部分為There (Here) + be + 主語時,問句部分用動詞+there(here)?形式.如：
①There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? ②Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?
十九、陳述部分用had better +原形動詞表示建議時,問句部分用hadn’t +主語?形式.
①You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?
②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?
二十、陳述部分用used to +主語時,問句部分用didn’t + 主語?或usedn’t +主語?形式.
①He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?
②They used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they?
二十一、陳述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推測時,若句中帶有明顯的過去時間的狀語,問句部分動詞用過去時形式.如：
①He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he?
(不用mightn’t he?/ hasn’t he?)
②You must have got up late this morning, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/haven’t you?)
二十二、陳述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推測時,若句中沒有帶明顯的過去時間的狀語,問句部分動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時形式.如：
①Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they? (不用mustn’t they?)
②You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/ haven’t you?)
二十三、陳述部分的主語為從句時,問句部分的主語一般用it代替,如：
①What he said is true, isn't it? (不用didn’t he?)
②Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? (不用won’t we?)
二十四、陳述部分的主語為動名詞或不定式時,問句的主語用it代替.如：
①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?
②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?