初中英語(yǔ)完成態(tài)終短暫動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則表
\x09（Langzi選編）
\x09基本變化規(guī)則
\x09a)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替短暫性（終止性）動(dòng)詞
\x091、用have代替buy
\x09My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
\x092、用keep或have代替borrow
\x09I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
\x093、用be替代become
\x09How long has your sister been a teacher?
\x094、用have a cold代替catch a cold
\x09Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
\x095、用wear代替put on
\x09b)用“be＋形容詞”代短暫性動(dòng)詞
\x091、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
\x093、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
\x095、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
\x097、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
\x099、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
\x09 
\x09c)用“be＋副詞”代短暫性動(dòng)詞
\x091“be＋on”代start,begin
\x092“be＋up”代get up
\x093“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
\x094“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
\x09d)用“be＋介詞短語(yǔ)”代短暫性動(dòng)詞
\x091.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替go to /come to
\x092.用be in the army 代替join the army
\x093.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替move to
\x09常用瞬間動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表：
\x091. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
\x09→have been in sw./at…相應(yīng)的介詞
\x092. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
\x093. have come/gone out →have been out
\x094. have become → have been
\x095. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
\x096. have got up → have been up；
\x097. have died → have been dead；
\x09 8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
\x099. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
\x0910. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
\x0911. havemarried → have been married；
\x0912. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；
\x0913. have begun → have been on
\x0914. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
\x0915. have lost → haven’t had
\x0916. have put on →have worn
\x0917. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
\x0918. have got to know → have known
\x0919. have/has gone to → have been in
\x0920. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換
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延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換
                動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.                一.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep,             have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用.                表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+一段時(shí)間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here;             since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long             time等.                例:He has lived here for 6 years.  You can keep the book for 5             days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.  How long did you stay             there last year?                二.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束. 如:open, die, close,             begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等.            非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用,如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;            例:He died 5 years ago.                否定的終止性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.例:I havent left here for 3 years. I             havent heard from him for 3 weeks.            三.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy ---             have,   begin/start --- be on,   die --- be dead,  finish --- be             over,  join --- be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu), be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu),  open sth --- keep             sth open,  fall ill ---  be ill,  get up---be up,   catch a cold ---             have a cold,  come here --- be here, go there --- be there,   become             --- be,   come back --- be back,  fall asleep --- be asleep,  get             to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),  leave --- be away from,  get to know             --- know, go (get) out →be out,  put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a             cold等.   例:The old man died 4 years ago.  ----The old man has been             dead for 4 years.    ---- It is 4 years since the old man died.              ----Four years has passed since the old man died.       He joined             the Party 2 years ago.   -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.                  I bought the book 5 days ago.  ---- I have had the book for 5             days.             補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：            1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.            A. has left    B. had left   C. has been away     D. had been away            2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.               A. joined    B. have joined   C. have been in            3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.               A . has been open  B. has opened   C. was open   D. opened            4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.               A. have made  B. have been  C. made    D. have become            5.You mustnt ________ until he comes back.                 A. be away   B. leave   C. be left            6.The meeting  _______ for a week now.              A. has finished   B. has ended  C. has been over            7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.              A. has been in  B. has come to  C. has taught            8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .              A. has been  B. has become  C. was    D. became            9. I ______ home for a week.                A. have returned   B. have been back   C. returned            10. How long _______ he ________ ?              A. died    B. has, died   C. has, been dead            11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.            A. slept    B. was sleeping   C. has sleep   D. had slept            12.He ________ the car for a week.               A. bought    B. has bought   C. has had              13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.              A. did fall   B. have, fell  C. have, been            14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.              A. has left   B. has moved away   C. has been away from            15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.              A. borrow   B. keep   C. take            16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.               A. has stopped   B. stopped   C. has been            17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?                 A. wearing    B. putting on  C. dressing   D. on            18.He ________ foe 2 hours.              A. got up   B.  has got up    C. has been up            19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.             A. is      B. catches   C. has caught    D. has had            20.----- How long can I ______ the book?    ------ Two weeks.            A. borrow    B. lend   C. get    D. keep             Key:            1---5 D C A B B;  6---10 C A A B C;   11---15 B C C C