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  • 英語翻譯

    英語翻譯
    一、引言
    語言是交際的重要手段,人類交際分為語言交際和非語言交際.非語言交際通過各種身勢動(dòng)作,以其獨(dú)特的表現(xiàn)形式,像詞語一樣在特定語境中表達(dá)特定含義.非語言交際方式很多,如副語言、客體語言、環(huán)境語言等,本文探討與身體有關(guān)的一種非語言交際方式—身勢語.
    身勢語(body language)的概念是由美國心理學(xué)家伯德斯特爾(Birdwhistell)首先提出的.他指出人的身體各部位的運(yùn)動(dòng)肌的動(dòng)作,器官都可以表達(dá)和交流信息、感情、態(tài)度—“身體即信息”.身勢語包括目光語、手勢、身體姿勢、面部表情、舉止動(dòng)作、觸覺等若干方面.“艾伯特、梅拉比安發(fā)現(xiàn),一個(gè)信息產(chǎn)生的影響,只有7%是語言的、38%是噪音的(包括語調(diào)的抑揚(yáng)頓挫和其他聲音),55%是非語言的”.[1] (p10)“伯德斯特爾教授也認(rèn)為,面對面語言交際成分不到35%,65%以上的溝通是以非語言的方式進(jìn)行的.”[2] (p22)因此可以說,對話語含義的推導(dǎo)和理解不僅僅只依賴于話語自身的言語特征,還要觀察和透析說話人的非語言的體態(tài)特征.
    語言與非語言同時(shí)運(yùn)用是在任何一種文化中極為重要的表現(xiàn)形式.俗話說:“出門看天色,進(jìn)門看臉色.” 無聲語言在交際中起著舉足輕重的意義.身勢語和語言一樣都體現(xiàn)顯著的社會(huì)文化特征.一方面,在一個(gè)特定的民族傳統(tǒng)文化里,身勢語所表達(dá)的意思是約定俗成的,違反某種“定勢”極易引起交流中斷或誤解;另一方面,一個(gè)特定民族傳統(tǒng)身勢語的內(nèi)涵也處在一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的,不斷微調(diào)的過程中.在信息科技發(fā)展的今天,身勢語內(nèi)涵的變化也在不斷“刷新”.
    英語人氣:925 ℃時(shí)間:2020-04-07 19:45:51
    優(yōu)質(zhì)解答
    I. INTRODUCTION
    Language is an important means of communication, human communication into verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication through a variety of body movements, its unique form of expression, the same terms as expressed in a particular context-specific meaning. The way a lot of nonverbal communication, such as Vice language, object language, the language, such as the environment, exploring the body of this article relating to a non-verbal communication methods - body language.
    Body language (body language) is the concept of psychologists from the United States伯德斯特爾(Birdwhistell) first proposed. He pointed out that the human body movement in different parts of muscle action, the organ can be the expression and exchange of information, feelings, attitudes - "the body of information." Body language including eye language, gestures, body posture, facial expressions, behavior actions, a number of areas, such as tactile. "Albert, Merabishvili an found that the impact of a message, while only 7% is the language, 38% of noise (including the cadence and tone of voice), 55% of non-language."
    [1] (p10) "Professor伯德斯特爾also believes that the composition of face-to-face verbal communication less than 35%, 65% of communication is non-verbal manner." [2] (p22), it can be said of discourse and understanding of the meaning is derived not just rely on the discourse characteristics of their own language, but also to observe and dialysis speaker's non-linguistic characteristics of the body.
    At the same time with the non-verbal language is the use of a culture in any manifestation of great importance. As the saying goes: "to go out to see the sky, watching the door face." Silent language in the communication plays an important significance. Body Language and languages reflect a significant social and cultural characteristics. On the one hand, in a particular traditional culture, the body language expressed by means of the convention, in violation of a "set" easily interrupted or misunderstanding caused by the exchange; On the other hand, a specific national tradition of Body Language connotation is also in a dynamic, constantly fine-tuning the process. In the development of information technology today,
    Body language is also changing the meaning of "Refresh."
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