英國
1. 圣保羅大教堂 Sallo Paulo cathedral
A Cathedral dedicated to St Paul has overlooked the City of London since 604AD, a constant reminder to this great commercial centre of the importance of the spiritual side of life.
The current Cathedral – the fourth to occupy this site – was designed by the court architect Sir Christopher Wren and built between 1675 and 1710 after its predecessor was destroyed in the Great Fire of London. Its architectural and artistic importance reflect the determination of the five monarchs who oversaw its building that London’s leading church should be as beautiful and imposing as their private palaces.
Since the first service took place here in 1697. Wren's masterpiece has been where people and events of overwhelming importance to the country have been celebrated, mourned and commemorated.
Important services have included the funerals of Lord Nelson, the Duke of Wellington and Sir Winston Churchill; Jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars; the launch of the Festival of Britain; the Service of Remembrance and Commemoration for the 11th September 2001: the 80th and 100th birthdays of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother; the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, to Lady Diana Spencer and, most recently, the thanksgiving services for both the Golden Jubilee and 80th Birthday of Her Majesty the Queen.
Over the centuries, St Paul’s has changed to reflect shifting tastes and attitudes. Decoration has been added and removed, services have been updated, different areas have been put to new uses. Today, the history of the nation is written in the carved stone of its pillars and arches and is celebrated in its works of art and monuments.
2.London Eye 倫敦巨眼摩天輪
The London Eye (Millenium Wheel) at a height of 135 metres (443 ft), is the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe, and has become the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over 3 million people a year.
At the time it was erected it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world, until it was surpassed by the Star of Nanchang (160m) in May 2006, and then the Singapore Flyer (165m) on February 11, 2008. However, it is still described by its operators as "the world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel" (because the entire structure is supported by an A-frame on one side only).]
The London Eye is located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens, on the South Bank of the River Thames in London, United Kingdom, between Westminster Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. The site is adjacent to that of the former Dome of Discovery, which was built for the Festival of Britain in 1951.
3.倫敦大橋 London Bridge
London Bridge is a bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge, it forms the western end of the Pool of London. On the south side of the bridge are Southwark Cathedral and London Bridge station; on the north side are the Monument to the Great Fire of London and Monument tube station.
It was the only bridge over the Thames downstream from Kingston until Westminster Bridge opened in 1750.
The bridge carries part of the A3 road, which is maintained by the Greater London Authority; the bridge itself is owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates ( see City Bridge Trust), an independent charity overseen by the City of London Corporation.
4.大英博物館 the British Museum
The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than 7 million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The museum is a Non-Departmental Public Body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
“ The wonders of the museum brought here to Bloomsbury from all around the world's imagined corners are numberless. How can they be named? As well tally each leaf of a tree. They come here out of the living minds of generations of men and women now dead – Greek and Assyrian, Aztec and Inuit, Chinese and Indian – who have conceived and carved and hammered and tempered and cast these objects to represent the worlds around them, visible and invisible. ”
The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museum building. Its expansion over the following two and a half centuries has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, the first being the British Museum of Natural History in South Kensington in 1887. Until 1997, when the current British Library building opened to the public, the British Museum was unique in that it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building. Since 2001 the director of the Museum has been Neil MacGregor.
As with all other national museums and art galleries in Britain, the Museum charges no admission fee, although charges are levied for some temporary special exhibitions
美國
Independence Hall
Philadelphia's Independence Hall (Independence Hall), where the three rooms, however, which a few tables, however, a dozen or so of the chairs of the three houses, is that the U.S. Congress and the location of the High Court, is signed "Declaration of Independence "And ratify the Constitution of the United States. Legislative, judicial, administrative separation of powers from the beginning, just and fair in this process on the basis of established.
Statue of Liberty
Statue of Liberty (Statue of Liberty, Statue de la liberté), also known as "freedom illuminate the world" (English: Liberty Enlightening the World, French: Liberté éclairant le monde), geographical coordinates: 40.69 ° N, 74.04 ° W, France In 1876 the United States presented to the 100th anniversary of the independence of gifts, in New York City near the Hudson River Estuary. Is the statue of the freedom of the island's important tourist attractions.
French sculptor Bartholdi last 10 completed the statue of the hard work of sculpture, the goddess of the appearance of design from the sculptor's mother, and hold high the torch of the goddess of the right hand while his wife is a sculptor in the arm for the blueprint.
Statue of Liberty wearing ancient Greek style clothing, by wearing a symbol of the first world crown Qi Taizhou and seven oceans seven sharp Mans. Goddess symbol of the right hand held high the torch of freedom, Peng Zhao engraved with his left hand on July 4, 1776 the "Declaration of Independence", is broken at the foot of the handcuffs, leg irons and chains. She symbolizes freedom, freed themselves from tyranny bound by the October 28, 1886 and the completion of the opening. Duantie statue of the internal structure was built by the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Gustave Eiffel designed.
Statue of Liberty 46 meters high, Jiaji Block 93 metres and weighing over 200 tons, metal casting, placed in a concrete system on the platform. The base of the Statue of Liberty is well-known Joseph Pulitzer built to raise 100,000 U.S. dollars, the base is now a U.S. immigration history museum.
1984, the Statue of Liberty was listed as world cultural heritage.
The whole statue to 120 tons of steel for the skeleton, 80 tons of copper for the jacket to 300,000 rivets in the assembly fixed on the stent, the total weight of 225 tons.
Chaco National Historic Park
Chaco National Historic Park, located in the western United States, New Mexico, the Indian representative during the heyday of the cultural sites. 1987 UNESCO will Chaco National Historic Park as a cultural heritage to the "World Heritage List."
Chaco National Historic Park is the center of a 16 km long and 2-3 kilometers wide valley, north of the cliff as high as 50 meters. Sunningdale in the side, from the 9th century AD -11 century later, Puweibuluo tribes with the construction of the wall around the 12 large villages. Villages within the housing from Level 2 to Level 5 ranging from hundreds of rooms and food storage component. Also use the basement storage of food. In Beiyin side has more than 400 small villages. Fully shows that they respect the engineering and construction can be. Many housing is used for holding the ceremony, but also for people from afar residential use. In order to solve water supply, are still on the rocks Zaochu drains into storage tanks. The north side of the "village" in the year 900 years after completion, with sandstone walls around. The big tribes built on the ground for the semi-circular building, covers an area of 12,000 square meters, is a four-story buildings, some more than 800 rooms. The construction of the south have openings, including the size of the 36 different Dexue.
From the center of the Chaco ruins scattered around the villages to the road network to connect each other, radial roads connected, the road can still see the relics. Dongnanxibei direction to extend the range road, the total length of more than over 600 kilometers. These roads are usually four meters wide -6 meters, a straight-line distance to the extension. From the unearthed pottery, malachite, shellfish and tropical birds survive the bone, feather to the then well-developed commercial activities.
Year 12 from the 1930s, prolonged drought makes people have to give up here, he relocated to the Department. Demise of the Chaco culture.
Puweibuluo tribal shows the superb skills of construction-mao. Thick stone walls, small windows and doors, the Chaco, the temperature instability has played a regulatory role. Northern Dynasty ruins sit throughout the South, from north to south were lower, at the end of each class housing in the winter can maximize the enjoyment of light.
獨立大廳
獨立大廳
美國費城的獨立大廳（Independence Hall）,那里的房間不過三間,而這桌子不過幾張、椅子不過十幾把的三間房子,卻是當年美國國會和高級法院的所在地,是簽署《獨立宣言》和批準美國憲法的地方.立法、司法、行政三權(quán)分立從此開始,公正和公平在這個程序基礎上建立起來.
自由女神像
自由女神像（Statue of Liberty,Statue de la liberté）,又稱“自由照耀世界”（英語：Liberty Enlightening the World,法語：Liberté éclairant le monde）,地理坐標：40.69°N,74.04°W,是法國在1876年贈送給美國的獨立100周年禮物,位于美國紐約市哈德遜河口附近.是雕像所在的自由島的重要觀光景點.
法國著名雕塑家巴托爾迪歷時10年艱辛完成了雕像的雕塑工作,女神的外貌設計來源于雕塑家的母親,而女神高舉火炬的右手則是以雕塑家妻子的手臂為藍本.
自由女神穿著古希臘風格的服裝,所戴頭冠有象征世界七大洲及七大洋的七道尖芒.女神右手高舉象征自由的火炬,左手捧著刻有1776年7月4日的《獨立宣言》,腳下是打碎的手銬、腳鐐和鎖鏈.她象征著自由、掙脫暴政的約束,在1886年10月28日落成并揭幕.雕像鍛鐵的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)是由后來建造了巴黎埃菲爾鐵塔的居斯塔夫·埃菲爾設計的.
自由女神像高46米,加基座為93米,重200多噸,是金屬鑄造,置于一座混凝土制的臺基上.自由女神的底座是著名的約瑟夫·普利策籌集10萬美金建成的,現(xiàn)在的底座是一個美國移民史博物館.
1984年,自由女神像被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn).
整座銅像以120噸的鋼鐵為骨架,80噸銅片為外皮,以30萬只鉚釘裝配固定在支架上,總重量達225噸.
查科國家歷史公園
查科國家歷史公園,位于美國西部的新墨西哥州,有全盛時期印第安人代表性的文化遺址.1987年聯(lián)合國教科文組織將查科國家歷史公園作為文化遺產(chǎn),列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》.
查科國家歷史公園的中心是一條長16公里,寬2-3公里的峽谷,北面有高達50米的懸崖.在向陽的一側(cè),從公元9世紀-11世紀后期,普韋布羅部落建造了用城墻環(huán)繞的12座大村莊.村莊內(nèi)的房屋從2層到5層不等,由數(shù)百間房間和糧食倉庫組成.也有利用地下室貯藏食物的.在背陰的一面也有400多小村莊.充分顯示出他們在工程和建筑方面的才能.許多房屋是供舉行儀式用的,也有供遠道而來的人們住宿使用的.為了解決供水,還在巖石上鑿出水渠引向貯水槽.北側(cè)的"大村莊"是在公元 900年以后建成的,有砂巖城墻圍繞.這座大部落為建在地面上的半圓形建筑,占地面積1.2萬平方米,是一座4層建筑,有約800多房間.這座建筑朝南有開口部,包括有大小不同的36座地穴.
由查科遺址中心地向四周分散的村落以道路網(wǎng)相互連接,放射狀的道路四通八達,現(xiàn)仍可看到道路遺跡.向東南西北方向延伸的區(qū)間道路,其總長度超過了600多公里.這些道路通常寬4米-6米,呈直線向遠處延伸.從出土的陶器、孔雀石、貝殼以及熱帶生存的鳥類骨骼、羽毛來著,當時的商業(yè)活動相當發(fā)達.
從公元12世紀30年代開始,持續(xù)的干旱使得人們不得不放棄了這里,遷往他處.查科文化消亡了.
普韋布羅部落顯示了高超的建筑技茂.厚重的石墻、很小的窗戶和門,對查科不穩(wěn)定的氣溫起到了調(diào)節(jié)作用.整個遺址坐北朝南,從北向南依次降低,使每末級房屋都能在寒冬最大限度地享受光照.