英語(yǔ)翻譯
If we have access to knowledge,we can build on it,applying values,ethics,and reason to what we know until we arrive at a conclusion that benefits and elevates ourselves and others.To elevate oneself and others through knowledge,values,ethics,and reason is to be wise.the productive output of the wise is wisdom.States beyond wisdom are perhaps more of the spirit than the mind,and so are outside the knowledge spectrum.
The transformations form data to information ,knowledge,and wisdom can be represented as part of a spectrumof cognition that characterizes human competence in dealing with life’s events.This spectrum is hierarchical.Each tansformation(e.g.,event to symbols,symbols to data,data to information)represents a step upward in human cognitive functioning.