1.except 后接名詞、代詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)
2.except 后一般可跟名詞性從句,except此時(shí)為連詞,except for為介詞短語(yǔ),不接從句.換句話說(shuō),即介、連詞前只能用except
I like her except when she is crying.
I can't spare any time except on Saturday.
3.在以except連接的句子中,可將except的某些詞與其后的詞重新組成一個(gè)語(yǔ)義完整、邏輯通順的句子
He desired nothing except to see Chairman Mao.
He desired to see Chairman Mao.
The room was virtually empty except for a bench or two.
The room was a bench or two (不成立).
4.except for含有大體上可以,但有部分不夠好,“美中不足”,有令人“惋惜”之意
Achilles was invulnerable except for his heels.阿基里斯除腳踵外,全身刀槍不入.
5.except for之前說(shuō)明句子的基本情況,而其后部分則引述了相反的原因或細(xì)節(jié),“非同類比較”,意為“要不是”,“只是”
The carpet is good except for its price.地毯很好,只是價(jià)錢太高.
6.在一些含有except for的句子中,如可以把except for之前的某些詞與其后的某些詞組成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子,則except for與except可以互換使用,但在書面語(yǔ)中常常用except
Everybody had a wonderful time except for John.(except for =except)
重新組合句子為：John had a wonderful time.
7.在all,any,every,no,anything,anybody,anywhere,whole這些表示總體概念的詞后面,可用兩者：except或except for,其他情況用except for
We are all here except / except for John.
8.句首不能用except,而用except for
Except for John,we've all here.
9.except前后的詞(名、代)是平行的,應(yīng)是同性質(zhì)的詞,否則用except for
The students exercises are good except John's.
Your exercise is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
10.besides與but意義不同,但用在no或not等否定詞后面,意思相同
We have no other tools besides / but these.除這些以外,我們沒有別的工具.
11.except較but除外的意思更明確,排除性更強(qiáng),except所述的事物不在總體范圍之內(nèi)
I've written all my letters but one.
We all went except Mary.
12.在否定句中except與besides可互換使用,except for則不能
No one writes to me except / besides you.