Period One(七年級(jí)上Units 1-12)
一、大綱要求
詞匯
單詞
what, name, your, this, pen, that, how, thank, parent, brother, these, those, where, take, under, on, in, have, play, basketball, many, interesting, let, like, tomato, shoes, help, months of the year, guitar, shower, usually, favorite, days of the week
短語
do homework, go to bed, thanks for, get to
句型

重點(diǎn)句型
What’s…name? Where’s…? Do you like…? Can you…? Do you have…?
When do you…?
交際用語
Hello! Hi! Nice to meet you!
二、重點(diǎn)解析
單詞：
1. have
have是英語中一個(gè)非常重要的動(dòng)詞,它在不同的詞組中,具有不同的含義,現(xiàn)將其用法簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納如下：
(1) 作“有”講時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)“所屬關(guān)系”,表示“擁有”的意思.其主語常為人或物.eg:
My father has a new computer. 我爸爸有一臺(tái)新電腦.
I have many story books.我有許多故事書.
(2) “have + 表示一日三餐的名詞”,意為“吃、用餐”. eg:
I have breakfast at seven every morning.我每天早上七點(diǎn)鐘吃早飯.
(3) “have + 表示食品、飲料等名詞”,意為“吃、喝”.eg:
I have some bread for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐吃些面包.
Please have a cup of tea.請(qǐng)喝杯茶.
(4) “have + 表示動(dòng)作的名詞”,沒有固定的意思,常與表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞同義.eg:
have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a look（at…）（朝……）看一眼
have a drink (of …) 喝一點(diǎn)（……）
(5) “have + 表示某種活動(dòng)的名詞”, 意為“進(jìn)行、舉行”.eg:
have a class 上課 have a birthday party 舉行生日聚會(huì)
2. start
start 動(dòng)詞,意思是“開始,出發(fā)”,可用于start to do sth. 和start doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中.eg:
School starts at eight o'clock. 8點(diǎn)鐘開始上課.
I start to watch TV.我開始看電視.
They start singing.他們開始唱歌.
3. usually
usually, sometimes, always, often 等詞在英語中被稱為“頻度副詞”,是用來表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的
頻率.使用時(shí)位置如下：
(1)放在be動(dòng)詞之后.eg:
He is often late for school.他上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到.
(2)放在行為動(dòng)詞之前.eg:
She always does her work well. 她總是把工作做得很好.
(3)放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后.eg:
What time do you usually get up?
(4)sometimes 的位置較靈活,可放在句首,也可放在句中,有時(shí)還可放在句尾.eg:
Sometimes he goes to school on foot. 有時(shí)他步行去上學(xué).
I sometimes go to see my uncle on Saturday. 我有時(shí)在星期六去看我的叔叔.
詞語辨析：
1. each &every
each 代詞,意為“每個(gè)”,可作主語、賓語、同位語和定語,強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體.而every 是形容詞,意思為“每,每個(gè)”,只能作定語,強(qiáng)調(diào)全體或全部.eg:
Each of the girls has a banana. 每個(gè)女孩都有一個(gè)香蕉.（此句不能用every替換each）
Give the boys two apples each. 給每個(gè)男孩兩個(gè)蘋果.（此句不能用every替換each）
Each boy has a sweater. 每個(gè)男孩都有一件毛衣.
Every boy has a T-shirt.每個(gè)男孩都有一件T恤衫.
2. look ( look at)& see
兩者漢語中的意思相近,都有“看”的意思.但英語中兩詞的用法截然不同.look表示“看”的過程,并不表明“看到”.而且look是不及物動(dòng)詞,如果表示“看某物（人）”,look后要加介詞at；而see指“看到”,表示“結(jié)果”.eg:
Look at the blackboard! 看黑板!（look只表示“看”,并不一定“看到”）
What can you see on the blackboard? 你在黑板上能看到什么?
(see表示“看到”,即 “看的結(jié)果”)
3. too, also& either
三者都表示“也”,但在使用的時(shí)候too 和also一般用于肯定的陳述句和疑問句中,其中too放在句末,前面多用逗號(hào)隔開；also放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前.either 一般放在否定句的句末. eg:
I like comedies, too.=I also like comedies. 我也喜歡喜劇.
Ann doesn't like thrillers and I don't like them either.安不喜歡恐怖片,我也不喜歡.
句型：
1. —What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
—My name is Jenny. 我叫詹妮.
(1) 詢問別人姓名,更委婉禮貌的說法有：My I know your name? Can I have your name?
Will you please tell me your name?
回答姓名可直接說：I’m Jenny.
(2) 動(dòng)詞be變化表
原形
現(xiàn)在式過去式
過去分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
be
am/is→was
are→were
been
being
2. What’s this in English? 這個(gè)用英語怎么說?
其他幾種不同的表達(dá)方式：What’s this called in English? What’s the English for this?
Can you say it in English?
[注]in 在該句中為介詞,表示“用……方式”.
3. It’s under the bed. 它在床下面.
under prep. 在……之上
(1)under 表示在某物垂直的正下方,兩者之間不接觸. eg:
The cat is under the table. 貓?jiān)诖沧拥紫?
(2)on 表示在某物的上面,但兩者可互相接觸. eg:
The book is on the desk.書在桌子上.
(3)in 表示“在……內(nèi)部,在……里面”.eg:
They are in the office.他們?cè)谵k公室里.
(4)near 表示在某物的附近,意為“接近,靠近” eg:
My house is near a bookstore.我家在一個(gè)書店附近.
(5)behind 表示在某物體的后面. eg:
Li Ming is behind me. 李明在我后面.
4. Do you like hamburgers?你喜歡漢堡包嗎?
(1) like v. 喜歡
① like sb./sth.eg:
I like the book. 我喜歡這本書.
② like to do sth. 表示目前一時(shí)愛好做某事. eg:
I like to play volleyball.我想去玩排球.
③ like doing sth. 表示習(xí)慣上喜歡做某事. eg:
I like dancing. 我喜歡跳舞.
(2) like 作介詞,表示“像”,與look 或be 連用. eg:
He looks like his father. 他長(zhǎng)得像他爸爸.
She is like an English girl. 她像個(gè)英國(guó)女孩.
Do it like this. 照這樣做.
5. OK, I’ll take it. 好吧,那我把他帶走了.
take v. 拿,取
(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth.干某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間 eg:
It took him an hour to get there.他花了一個(gè)小時(shí)才到那兒.
(2) take out 帶出（人）,邀請(qǐng),取出（物） eg:
I’m taking the children out to the movies tonight. 今晚我?guī)Ш⒆觽內(nèi)タ措娪?
(3) take + a + 名詞= have + a + 名詞 eg: take a bath / rest / shower /walk
(4) 固定短語: take part in 參加take place 發(fā)生take care of 照顧
[注] ① take 當(dāng) “拿走,帶到”講時(shí),指把東西帶到別的地方,即把東西從近處帶到遠(yuǎn)處.eg:Take the books to the classroom.把這些書拿到教室里去.
② bring也是“拿”的意思,指把東西從別的地方帶到說話人所在地或者他指定的地點(diǎn)
即把東西從遠(yuǎn)處帶到近處,意為“拿來”“帶來”“取來”.eg:
Please bring some books to my home. 請(qǐng)把這些書帶到我家來.
6. Can you dance? 你會(huì)跳舞嗎?
Can 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,意思是“能,會(huì),可以”.
(1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即無論主語是第一人稱、第二人稱還是第三人稱,無論是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都沒有變化.
(2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形.eg:
He can speak French. 他會(huì)說法語.
(3) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí),將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前；變否定句時(shí),在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not.
eg: We can see an eraser in the pencil box.
→ Can you see an eraser in the pencil box?
→ We can’t see an eraser in the pencil box.
7. Can you help kids with swimming?你能幫助小孩游泳嗎?
(1)help 可作動(dòng)詞,指“幫助,援助”,常指積極地給予實(shí)際的精神的或物質(zhì)的幫助,幫助的人值得信賴.eg:
He helped me to find the train station.他幫我找到了火車站.
常用的句式有：
① help sb. with sth. 在某一方面幫助某人.eg:
The teacher helps him with his English.老師幫助他學(xué)習(xí)英語.
② help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事.eg:
I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我常常幫媽媽做家務(wù).
(2) 動(dòng)詞help 還可作 “吃（會(huì)餐用語）講.eg:
Please help yourself to the fruit. 請(qǐng)隨意吃水果吧.
(3) can’t help doing sth. 表示“禁不住做某事”；can’t help sb. to do sth. 表示“不能幫助某人做某事”. eg:
I can’t help myself crying. 我情不自禁地哭起來.
I can’t help him to say sorry. 我不能代替他道歉.
(4) help 可用作名詞,指“幫助,救濟(jì)”.eg:
I need some help.我需要一些幫助.
8. I can play the guitar. 我會(huì)玩吉他.
(1) play 的賓語為樂器時(shí),意為“演奏“,樂器名詞前要加定冠詞the. eg:
play the violin (the piano)拉小提琴（彈鋼琴）
(2) play 后面可接表示球類的名詞,意為 “打球”或 “踢球”,球類名詞前不加任何冠詞或其他
限定詞,該名詞也不用復(fù)數(shù)形式.eg:
play basketball 打籃球,不能說 play the / a football 或play footballs.
(3) play with 的賓語常為玩的東西.eg:
play with toys (snow; fire …) 玩玩具（雪,火等）
(4) play 還可作名詞,意為“劇”. eg: TV play 電視劇.
9. — Can you draw? 你會(huì)畫畫嗎?
— Yes, a little.是的,會(huì)一點(diǎn).
(1) a little“一點(diǎn),稍微”,為程度副詞,作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞.eg:
I like her a little. 我有點(diǎn)喜歡她.（修飾動(dòng)詞）
The T-shirt is a little big. 這件T恤衫有點(diǎn)大.（修飾形容詞）
(2) a little后加名詞,意思是“一些,少許”,表示肯定概念,作定語,修飾不可數(shù)名詞. eg:
I can speak a little English. 我會(huì)說一點(diǎn)英語.
(3) little后加名詞,意思是“幾乎沒有,很少的”,表示否定概念.eg:
I can speak little Japanese. 我?guī)缀醪粫?huì)說日語.
10. — What time do you usually get up, Rick?雷克,你經(jīng)常幾點(diǎn)起床?
— I usually get up at five o'clock.我經(jīng)常五點(diǎn)起床.
若詢問“某人什么時(shí)間做某事”,可用“What time do /does＋主語＋動(dòng)詞原形＋……”句型.其中what time是用來對(duì)具體時(shí)間提問的,可以用when替換.若問時(shí)間,一般說“What's the time?”,也可以說“What time is it?”,回答說“It's...”,不能說“The time is...”.eg:
— What time does he usually go to bed? 他通常什么時(shí)間睡覺?
— He usually goes to bed at about eleven. 他通常大約11點(diǎn)睡覺.
— What's the time? 幾點(diǎn)了?
— It's 11 o'clock. 11點(diǎn).
[注]what time 與when 都可以表示“什么時(shí)候”.前者所表示的時(shí)間比較精確,指“幾點(diǎn)鐘”、“幾時(shí)幾分”；后者表示的時(shí)間范圍較廣,有時(shí)也可以指“幾點(diǎn)鐘”、“幾時(shí)幾分”,用來代替 what time.
語法：
1. 可數(shù)名詞&不可數(shù)名詞
不可數(shù)名詞通常指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算的東西.它一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式.前面不能用many, several, a few 等詞修飾,但可用some, much, a lot of, a little, any 等詞修飾.eg:
There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有點(diǎn)兒水.
可數(shù)名詞是指能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算,可以分成個(gè)的人或東西.因此它有復(fù)數(shù)形式,
其構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下：
情況
構(gòu)成方法
讀音
例詞
一般情況
加-s
清輔音后讀[s],濁輔音和元音后讀[z]
dog-dogs, teacher-teachers
以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾
加-es
-es讀[iz]
bus-buses, box-boxes,
brush-brushes, watch-watches
以ce, se, ze, ge結(jié)尾的詞
加-s
讀[iz]
orange-oranges house-houses
以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的詞
變y為i加-es
-es讀[z]
city-cities, baby-babies,
factory-factories
以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的詞
加-s
讀[z]
boy-boys, toy-toys,
key-keysmonkey-monkeys
以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞
變f或fe為v,再加-es
-ves讀[vz]
leaf-leaves, knife-knives,
shelf-shelves, thief-thieves
以輔音字母＋o結(jié)尾的詞
加-es
-es讀[z]
tomato-tomatoes,
potato-potatoes
加-s
-s讀[z]
photo-photos,zoo-zoos
radio-radioskilo-kilos
[注]① 以th 結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),mouth-mouthsmonth-months
② 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 sheep-sheep 綿羊deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中國(guó)人
fish-fish 魚
(2) 不可數(shù)名詞不能直接用a (an)或數(shù)詞來修飾.若要表示它的個(gè)體意義時(shí),必須與一個(gè)表示量的短語連用.eg:
a piece of news 一條新聞 a cake of soap 一塊肥皂
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
(3) 如果用代詞代替不可數(shù)名詞,不能用one 來代替.
試比較：
He would like pears. Please give one to him.他想要吃梨.請(qǐng)給他一個(gè).
(句中的pears 是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,可用one 代替其單數(shù).)
He would like bread. Please give some to him.他想吃面包,請(qǐng)遞給他一塊.
(句中的some 不能用one 來代替.)
2. 冠詞的用法
冠詞位于名詞之前,用來說明所指的人或物.冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞.
(1) 不定冠詞a, an
a 和an 是不定冠詞的兩種形式.a 用在以輔音（指發(fā)音不指字母）開頭的詞前,而 “an” 用在以元音（指發(fā)音不指字母）開頭的詞前.eg: a banana, an apple
① a 和an 表示數(shù)量“一”.
② 泛指人或事物的類別.eg.
A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物.
③ 第一次提到某人或某物.eg.
There is a new desk in my room.我房間里有一張新書桌.
④ 用于某些固定短語中. eg. a few, a little, a lot of.
(2) 定冠詞the.
the 是定冠詞,它常用于：
① 特指某一個(gè)（些）人或事物.eg.
The book on the desk is Lily’s. 書桌上的那本書是莉莉的.
②談話雙方都知道的人或事物.eg.
—Where is the kite? 風(fēng)箏在哪兒?
—It’s on the wall. 在墻上.
③第二次提到的人或物.eg.
There is a table in the room. On the table there is a map. 房間里有張桌子.桌子上有張地圖.
④序數(shù)詞,最高級(jí)的形容詞前面.eg.
Jack is the tallest boy in our class. 杰克是我們班上最高的男孩.
⑤用于某些專有名詞之前. eg.
The United States. 美國(guó)
⑥世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞前面. eg.
The sun is bigger than the earth. 太陽比地球大.
⑦用在一些習(xí)慣用語中.eg. in the afternoon. 在下午on the left 在左邊
3. 名詞所有格
名詞所有格表示名詞與其后面的名詞之間的所有或隸屬關(guān)系,其功能如同物主代詞,意為“某
人的……”或“某物的……”.
英語中的名詞所有格有兩種形式： “名詞＋’s”所有格和of 所有格.
(1)“名詞＋’s”所有格
① 單數(shù)名詞后直接加’s；若單數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾,只需要加’.eg:
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jones’ mother 瓊斯的媽媽
② 以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加' . eg:
Teachers’ Day 教師節(jié)the twins’ books 雙胞胎的書
③ 不以s 結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加’s. eg:
Children’s Day 兒童節(jié)men’s shoes 男式鞋
④ 表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s；表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加’s.
注意比較：
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凱特各自的房間
(2) of 所有格：動(dòng)物和無生命名詞的所有格一般使用介詞of 短語來表示.eg:
the name of her cat她的貓的名字a picture of our school一張我們學(xué)校的圖片
有時(shí)有生命的東西也用of 所有格,可與“名詞＋’s”所有格互換. eg:
the name of the boy =the boy’s name這個(gè)男孩的名字
額外收獲：
① 表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無生命的名詞也可以使用“名詞＋’s”所有格.eg:
a few years’ time幾年時(shí)間today’s newspaper今天的報(bào)紙
② 有些名詞的所有格表示住所、診所、商店時(shí),常去掉后面被修飾的詞.eg:
to my uncle’s到我叔叔家
三、鞏固練習(xí)
1. Han Lei, Jim and Iin No.22 Middle School.
A. all are B. am all C. are allD. all （2003. 東北師大附中）
2. Some are flying kites near the river.
A. childB. boyC. childrenD. childs(2003. 天津)
3. If you don’t mind, pass me apple, please.
A. a B. anC. the D. /（2003. 青島）
4. The students are listeningtheir teacher very carefully.
A. toB. on C. for D. at （2003. 天津）
5. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please.
A. turn it overB. turn it onC. turn it back D. turn it down（2003. 南京）
6. — does a car cost in China?
—It can cost as little as 50,000 yuan and as much as 300,000 yuan
A. How manyB. How price C. How money D. How much（2003. 黃岡）
7. An apple a day is goodyour health.
A. atB. for C. inD. with （2003. 煙臺(tái)）
8. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?
—Yes, I hadwonderful time.
A. a B. an C. theD. / （2003. 杭州）
9. —Who taught English last term? Was _____Mr Smith?
—No, Miss White did.
A. you, itB. you, heC. your, it D. your, that（2003. 山東）
10. Jim’s dog looks a fox. He _____it very much.
A. like, likesB. like, like B. likes, likeD. likes, likes （2003. 寧夏）
11. China liesthe east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia.
A. to, toB. in, to C. to, inD. in, on （2003. 天津）
12. I’ll tell younews about the sports meeting.
A. manyB. someC. a few（2003. 四川）
13. The old woman kept one black dog and two white.
A. oneB. onesC. thoseD. one’s
14. There’ll be evening party in the garden next Friday.
A. a B. the C. /D. an
15. John’s uncle has many friends. Mr Shute is a friend of.
A. John’s uncle B. John uncle’sC. John’s uncle’s D. John uncle
16. Lucy has to do today.
A. many homeworks B. a homeworkC. much homework D. a piece homework
17. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years B. a few years’ C. a few yearD. a few year’s
18. The color of my trousersdifferent from_____ of yours.
A. is, one B. is, that C. are, it D. are, this
19. There are a lot ofdown there but hardly any_____.
A. sheeps, peopleB. sheep, peopleC. sheeps, persons D. sheep, peoples
20. 用can / may / must / need 填空.
① Heride a bike now.
② the news be true?
③I watch TV after supper?
④ May I take the dictionary away? No, you/Yes,you .
⑤ You come earlier tomorrow.
⑥ Must I clean all the rooms? No, you.
⑦ Need I go? Yes, you. / No, you .
⑧ You have a rest.