一、構(gòu)成：There be ...句型表示的是 “某處有(存在)某人或某物”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為There be(is,are,was,were )+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.例如：
There are fifty-two students in our class.
There is a pencil in my pencil-case.
There was an old house by the river five years ago.
二、各種句式：
否定句：There be句型否定句式的構(gòu)成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣,在be后加上“not”.也可用“no”來表示.即：no + n.（名詞）= not a\an\any + n.（名詞）.注意：no + n.（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）= not a\an + n.（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）；no + n.（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）= not any + n.（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）；no + n.（不可數(shù)名詞）= not any + n.（不可數(shù)名詞）.例如：
There is an orange in her bag.
→There isn’t an orange in her bag.
→There is no orange in her bag.
There are some oranges in her bag.
→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.
→There are no oranges in her bag.
There is some juice in the bottle.
→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.
→There is no juice in the bottle.
一般疑問句：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句變化只需把be動詞移到句首,再在句尾加上問號即可.例如：
There is some money in her handbag.
　　→ Is there any money in her handbag?(疑問句和否定句中,some改為any,something改為anything.)
There is something new in today’s newspaper.
→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.
→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
特殊疑問句：
There be句型的特殊疑問句有以下三種形式：
①對主語提問：當(dāng)主語是人時(shí),用 “Who’s + 介詞短語?”；當(dāng)主語是物時(shí),用 “What’s + 介詞短語?”.其中there在口語中常常省略.注意：無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對其提問時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定).如：
There is a bird in the tree.→What’s in the tree?
There are some bikes over there.→What’s over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
②對地點(diǎn)狀語提問：用 “Where is \ are + 主語?”表示（注意其答語變化）：例如：
There is a computer in my office.
→ Where is the computer?----It’s in my office.
There are four children in the classroom.
→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.
③對數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種提問方式：
如果主語是可數(shù)名詞,無論是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),都用“How many +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are there + 介詞短語?”表示：
There are twelve months in a year.
→How many months are there in a year?
There is only one book in my bag.
→ How many books are there in your bag?
There is a cat in the box.
→ How many cats are there in the box?
如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞,則用“ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?”表示：
There is some money in my purse.How much money is there in
your purse?
反意疑問句：There be或There加其它動詞,其反意疑問句一律用…there?例如：
There is a beautiful girl in the garden,isn’t there?
There used to be no school here,used there \did there?
三、注意事項(xiàng)：
1.There be句型中be動詞的形式要和其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致.
如果句子的主語是單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞,或是不可數(shù)名詞,be動詞用“is”“was”.例如：
There is a basketball in the box.
There is a little milk in the glass.
如果句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be動詞就用“are” “were”.例如：
There are many birds in the tree.
There were many people in the street yesterday.
如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語,be動詞要和最靠近它的那個(gè)主語在數(shù)上保持一致,也就是我們常說的“就近原則”.例如：
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
2.There與be中間可插入一些表推測的情態(tài)動詞、表時(shí)態(tài)的短語和一些動詞短語 (如和將來時(shí)be going to\ will、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have\has + pp.、used to結(jié)構(gòu)等連用,注意其構(gòu)成形式,這一內(nèi)容在我們?nèi)粘＞毩?xí)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,是一難點(diǎn),也是歷年中考試題中的一個(gè)考點(diǎn).).例如：
There must be a pen in the box.
There happened to be some money in my pocket.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There used to be a church across from the bank.
3.There be句型和have\has的區(qū)別：
There be句型表示 “存在有”,have\has表示 “擁有” “所有”,兩者不能同時(shí)使用.例如：
桌子上有三本書.There are three books on the desk.
我有三本書.I have three books.
4.There be + 主語 + doing +介詞短語.例如：
There is a truck collecting rubish outside.
There is a wallet lying on the ground.