概念〕
在復合句中,修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句；被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句必須放在先行詞之后；引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)聯(lián)詞.
〔關(guān)聯(lián)詞〕
常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等.
〔種類〕
1．由that引導的定語從句
一般情況下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語,但不能作介詞的賓語.如：
The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．正在會上講話的那個同志是個先進工人.
Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday?這就是你們昨天談?wù)摰哪俏会t(yī)生嗎?
The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．昨天我收到的信是我父親寄來的.
2．由who,whom和whose引導的定語從句
who在從句中作主語,whom在從句中作賓語,whose在從句中作定語.如：
This is the thief who stole my bike．這就是偷我自行車的那個賊.
He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那個男孩.
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．媽媽是個醫(yī)生的那個女孩在外面等你.
3．由which引導的定語從句
which指物,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語.如：
The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．媽媽上周買給我的那本書名叫《西行漫記》.
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum．魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的那所房子現(xiàn)在是魯迅博物館.
4．由where,when和why引導的定語從句
where在從句中作地點狀語,when在從句中作時間狀語,why在從句中作原因狀語.如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永遠忘不了我入團的那一天.
He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾經(jīng)學習過的學校.
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同張琳吵架的原因.
〔注意點〕
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時,關(guān)系代詞常省去.如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3．我剛才看的那個戲劇在3頻道上已上演了兩次.