直接引語是陳述句時(shí),若變成間接引語,結(jié)構(gòu)上是將原先的單獨(dú)一個(gè)句子變成一個(gè)賓語從句.如He said,“I can speak English．”這句話變成間接引語則是：He said that he could speak English．原先的單獨(dú)一句I can speak English變成了that he could speak English作said的賓語了.
直接引語是陳述句變成間接引語時(shí),存在引導(dǎo)從句的連接詞問題.事實(shí)上,直接引語是陳述句時(shí),變成間接引語后的連接詞常是that,而且這個(gè)連詞that?？梢允∪?
（1）在時(shí)態(tài)方面,若主句謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),直接引語變成間接引語后的從句則無需變化；若直接引語中的內(nèi)容是客觀真理,直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)則無需變化.但若主句是過去時(shí),直接引語變成間接引語后的從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律是：
現(xiàn)在時(shí)變過去時(shí),過去時(shí)一般變過去完成時(shí).具體地說,直接引語中的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)變成間接引語后分別變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)則變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)；直接引語中的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)變成間接引語后則一般仍然維持原先在直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài).如：
1．Henry said,“I don't want to stay here．”→Henry said that he didn't want to stay there．
2．He will say,“The girl was lazy．”→He will tell you that the girl was lazy．
（2）在人稱方面,存在人稱的變化,變化規(guī)律常常是：
a．直接引語中的第一人稱常跟主句的主語一致.如：
He said,“I have finished my homework．”→He said（that）he had finished his homework．
b．直接引語中的第二人稱常常依主句中位于動(dòng)詞后面的談話對象而定,若后面沒有談話對象,則常變?yōu)榈谝蝗朔Q.如：
Tom said,“You must finish your homework today．”→Tom said I had to finish my homework that day．
c．直接引語中的第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),常不變.如：
He said,“She is tired．”→He said she was tired．
（3）在指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及個(gè)別動(dòng)詞方面,都有這樣一個(gè)變化規(guī)律：
這變那,過去變以前；來變?nèi)?明天變?yōu)榈诙?
“這變那”指的是this→that；these→those；now→then；today→that day；here→there
“過去變以前”指的是yesterday→the day before；last night→the night before；ago→before
“來變?nèi)ァ敝傅氖莄ome→go
“明天變?yōu)榈诙臁敝傅氖莟omorrow→the next／following day
鞏固練習(xí)題
變下列直接引語為間接引語：
1．She said,“Let's go to see the film tonight．”
2．They said,“These are our books．”
3．He said,“The earth turns around the sun．”
答案：
1．She asked us to go to see the film that night．
2．They said（that）those were their books．
3．He said that the earth turns around the sun．