陳述句與疑問句由直接引語變間接引語的方法
1.直接引語為陳述句時(shí)如何變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法
將直接引語變?yōu)橛蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句跟在引述動(dòng)詞之后(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句跟在引述動(dòng)詞之后也可省略).如：He said,“I want to buy a dictionary.” →He said (that) he wanted to buy a dictionary.注：(1) 若引述動(dòng)詞用的是say to sb這樣的句型,則通常改為tell sb：：“I hope you can come,” he said to me.→He told me that he hoped I could go.(2) 若直接引語是兩個(gè)并列的陳述句,要注意在第二個(gè)賓語從句前加連詞that：He said,“I am tired and I want to have a rest.”→He said that he was tired and that he wanted to have a rest.在此種情況下,引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語從句的that在此種情況下,引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)有時(shí)可以省略,但引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)賓語從句的that通常不省略,以免誤解.
2.直接引語為一般疑問句時(shí)如何變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法
將直接引語變?yōu)橛蒳f 或 whether if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句跟在引述動(dòng)詞之后：“Have you been there?” he asked.→He asked if I had been there.注：(1) 改為賓語從句的間接引語要用陳述句詞序.(2) 若直接引語的引述動(dòng)詞為say,改成間接引語應(yīng)將其改為asksay等：“Do you like it?” he said.→He asked if [whether] I liked it.
3.直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)如何變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法
將直接引語變?yōu)橛伞耙蓡栐~”引導(dǎo)的賓語從句跟在引述動(dòng)詞之后：He said,“Jim,when is the next train?” →He asked Jim when the next train was.注：(1) 改為賓語從句的間接引語要用陳述句詞序.(2) 若直接引語的引述動(dòng)詞為mes New Roman'">(2) ,改成間接引語應(yīng)將其改為ask等：He said,“Where is the station?”
→He asked where the station was.”
4.直接引語變間接引語的五點(diǎn)變化
(1) 時(shí)態(tài)的變化.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),若主句為過去時(shí)態(tài),變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句通常要將時(shí)態(tài)往后推一個(gè),即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí),一般將來時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí),一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)(若直接引語為過去完成時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),可以不變),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can,may 等分別變?yōu)?could,might 等.如：“It will rain soon,” he said.→He said that it would rain that night.“She can→He said that it would rain that night.→He said that she could speak French.注：① 若直接引語為客觀真理,則變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變.如：The teacher said,“The earth turns around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun.② 有時(shí)直接引語有特定的過去時(shí)間狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)可不變.如：He said,“My son was born in 1995.”→He said that his son was born in 1995.(2) 時(shí)間狀語的變化.直接引語變間接引語時(shí),有些時(shí)間狀語也要相應(yīng)的改動(dòng)：
now 現(xiàn)在 then 那時(shí),當(dāng)時(shí)
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上
this week (month,year) 本周(本月,今年) that week (month,year) 上周(上個(gè)月,去年)
yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天
the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前兩天
last week (month,year) 上周(上個(gè)月,去年) the week (month,year) before 前一周(前一個(gè)月,前一年)( two days (years) ago 兩天(年)前 two days (years) before 兩天前
tomorrow 明天 the next day 第二天
next week (month,year) 下周(下個(gè)月,明年) the next week (month,year) 第二個(gè)星期(月,年)
He said,“She left yesterday.”→He said that she had left the day before.She said,“I’ll tell you tomorrow.”→She said that she would tell me the next day.He said,“It happened two days ago.”→He said that it had happened two days before.注：以上變化有時(shí)應(yīng)視情況而定,若在當(dāng)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)述,now不必改為then；若在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,today,yesterday,tomorrow等不必改為that day,the day before,the next day等；若在當(dāng)周轉(zhuǎn)述,this week,last week 不必改為that week,the last week；若在當(dāng)年轉(zhuǎn)述,this year,last year 不必改為that year,the last year等.(3)
代詞的變化.在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),有些代詞也要作相應(yīng)的變化,如指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those.有時(shí)人稱代詞也要根據(jù)情況作適當(dāng)調(diào)整.如：
“I like these better than she does,” he said to me.→He told me that he liked those better than she did.注：若場(chǎng)所和地點(diǎn)不發(fā)生改變,this和that也可不變.(4) 地點(diǎn)狀語的變化.主要涉及的地點(diǎn)狀語是here,它在間接引語中通常要變?yōu)閠here：：“I live here now,” he said.→He said that he lived there then.【注】若在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,則here也可不改為there.(5) 動(dòng)詞的變化.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),有個(gè)別動(dòng)詞也可能需要改變,如 come 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),有個(gè)別動(dòng)詞也可能需要改變,如改為 go,bring 改為 take 等：“He will come here today,” she said.→She said that he would go there that day.注：若地點(diǎn)和場(chǎng)所未發(fā)生改變,come和bring等也可不變.