1、介詞詞組 能作 表語 狀語 定語 補語 等.
如：I'm in surprise.(in surprise.=surprised 作表語)
He is looking at me in surprise.(in surprise.=surprisedly 作狀語)
Do you know the boy in surprise?=Do you know the boy who is in surprise?
(in surprise= who is in surprise 作定語)
2.out of breathe 應該是out of breathe.
I am out of breath.中的out of breath是作am的表語.
那么 John ran up out of breath中的out of breath相當于一個副詞,所以作狀語修飾動詞ran up .
因此,介詞短語充當什么成分,要看它配什么詞用.
若配be或其它聯(lián)系動詞,則作表語；若修飾行為動詞,則作狀語,若修飾名詞,則作定語等等.
Happy Rabbit Year!