以x^2+y^2=r^2為例
只需算出第一象限,然后乘以4
S/4=∫(0到r)√(r^2-x^2)dx
令x=rcosa
√(r^2-x^2)=rsina
dx=-rsinada
所以S/4=∫(π/2到0)rsina*(-rsina)da
=-r^2∫(π/2到0)(sina)^2da
=-r^2∫(π/2到0)(1-cos2a)/2da
=-r^2/4∫(π/2到0)(1-cos2a)d2a
=-r^2/4(2a-sin2a)(π/2到0)
=πr^2/4
所以S=πr^2