1、that 是指代前面作主語的 result.這樣用的目的是為避免前后兩個(gè) the result 的重復(fù)而使句子更加簡潔.其實(shí)如果啰嗦起來,就是 The resultis similar to (that result) (which is) reported by Levy in 1980.
that/those 常用于指代上文提到過的同類特指事物或類型.另如:
Indoor pollution falls into two categories, that which wecan see or smell, and pollution which is invisible and produces no odour. 室內(nèi)污染分為兩種:一種是我們能看得見或聞得著的,另一種是無色無味的.【that 指代上文提到過的twocategories 中的一種】
The relics found were those of an earlier time. 所發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺跡是較早的年代(同類遺跡).【those 指代與上文同類的復(fù)數(shù)名詞the relics】
2、如果省略作主語的關(guān)系代詞 which/that,就會(huì)使定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞失去“主心骨”,從而成為不完整的句子,就不能稱其為從句.如果想借用先行詞作邏輯主語,用分詞短語作定語,不僅要省略關(guān)系代詞,還需要把原謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的分詞,即主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成現(xiàn)在分詞,被動(dòng)語態(tài)連同助動(dòng)詞be省略后變成過去分詞.如:
That is the parcel (which came) this morning. 那就是早上送來的包裹.
可以省略為That is the parcel (coming)this morning.
The movie (which was shown) later was better. 后來上映的電影較好看.
可以省略為The movie (shown) later wasbetter.
是否可以這樣理
因?yàn)楹蟀刖渲衪hat是指代前面的result,不是定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞(which/that),所以后半句不是定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。又因?yàn)楹蟀刖涫潜粍?dòng)關(guān)系,所以要用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)作后置定語(省略be)?
定語從句中關(guān)系代詞指代物作主語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞which/that 不能夠省略,只有指代物作賓語時(shí)才能省略關(guān)系代詞,對(duì)嗎?