but ,however,yet,although,on the contrary,while
,and, then, first second,or,not only...but also...,both...and...,neither...nor...
常見(jiàn)的表示語(yǔ)義引申的并列連詞有：1.and
Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正義在你們一邊,而正義是會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝非正義的.
2. neither... nor
She could neither speak the language nor write it. 這種語(yǔ)言她既不會(huì)說(shuō),也不會(huì)寫.
3. both... and
A man should have both courage and perseverance.一個(gè)人既要有勇氣又要有毅力.
4. not only... but also
We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我們不僅要大膽,而且要謹(jǐn)慎.
5. as well as
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我讀過(guò)他的一本小說(shuō)和幾個(gè)劇本.
表示選擇的并列連詞有：
1. or
You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者讓別人做.
2. either... or
I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了,就是放在抽屜里了.
除了表示選擇外,or和either... or還可以表示否定的條件：
1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我現(xiàn)在得走了,否則晚會(huì)我就要遲到了.
2) You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go out with me. 你要么老實(shí)點(diǎn),要么就永遠(yuǎn)不能跟我一起出去.
表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊牟⒘羞B詞有：
1. but
He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但沒(méi)有成功.
2. yet
The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 這輛車子很舊,但仍處于良好的狀態(tài).
3. however
She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 她病了.然而她照舊去上班,并且盡力集中精神工作.
4. nevertheless
I don't know anything against that man; nevertheless I don't trust him. 我對(duì)那個(gè)人沒(méi)有什么不良的看法,但我不能信賴他.
表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有：
1. for
You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上,外邊相當(dāng)冷.
2. so
My sister is expecting me,so I must be off now. 姐姐在等我,因此我得走了.
3. therefore
You are right, therefore we should support you. 你是對(duì)的,所以我們應(yīng)當(dāng)支持你.
4. hence
I fell off my bike yesterday—hence the bruises. 我昨天騎自行車摔倒了——所以青一塊、紫一塊的.
從屬連詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的.
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：
1. when
There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. 他開始講話時(shí)響起了經(jīng)久不息的掌聲.
2. while
We should strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵.
3. as
As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),全場(chǎng)發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲.
4. after
After I visit Shanghai I'll travel up the Yangtze. 訪問(wèn)上海之后,我將溯長(zhǎng)江而上.
5. before
It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要過(guò)好幾個(gè)月他才能適應(yīng)工作.
6. since
It is just a week since we arrived here. 我們到這里才一個(gè)星期.
7. until (till)
I shall stay here until (till) I've completed my studies. 我要在這里待到學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束為止.
8. as soon as
As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上班了.
9. once
Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一說(shuō)這話我就知道他在撒謊.
引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：
1. because
He failed because he was too careless. 因?yàn)樗中?所以失敗了.
2. as
As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)相當(dāng)晚了,我們決定在廟里待一夜.
3. since
Since you don't want to go, we won't force you to. 既然你不愿意去,我們也不勉強(qiáng)你.
4. now that
Now that you are all back, we'd better start the work right away. 你們既然都回來(lái)了,我們最好馬上就開始工作.
5. considering (that)
They did the job quite well considering (that) they had no experience. 考慮到他們沒(méi)有什么經(jīng)驗(yàn),這項(xiàng)工作他們已經(jīng)干得不錯(cuò)了.
6. seeing that
Seeing that (Since) nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip. 由于都沒(méi)有很高的熱情,他們決定取消這次旅行.
引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：
1. if
If you can do it, so can I. 你要是能辦到,我也能辦到.
2. even if
We wouldn't lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我們就是失敗十次也不灰心.
3. unless
I won't go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去,否則我是不會(huì)去的.
4. in case
We'd better take our raincoats in case it should rain (rains). 我們最好把雨衣帶著以防下雨.
5. provided /providing (that)
I'll come provided (providing) (that) you let me know in good time. 你要是及時(shí)通知我是會(huì)來(lái)的.
6. suppose/supposing (that)
Suppose (Supposing) (that) he won't agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意,我們?cè)趺崔k?
7. as (so) long as
You may use the room as long as you keep it clean. 只要保持清潔你可以用這個(gè)房間.
8. on condition (that)
I'll lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday. 只要你能在星期一還我,這本書我就借給你.
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：
1. although / though
Everybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though the weather was extremely cold. 雖然天氣很冷,大家工作得非常起勁.
2. even if (though)
Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走著去,我也要去那里.
引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：
1. than
We have produced 20% more cotton this year than we did last year. 我們今年棉花產(chǎn)量比去年高百分之二十.
2. as (so)...as
He doesn't play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半.
引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：
1. lest
She explained again and again lest people should misunderstand her. 她一再解釋唯恐人們誤解.
2. so that
Speak clearly so that we may understand you. 講話要清楚,以便我們能聽明白.
3. in order that
He assigned us some books to read at home in order that (so that) we might have a deeper understanding of the subject. 他指定幾本書給我們回家看,以便我們對(duì)這一主題有一個(gè)較深的了解.
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：
1. so...that
She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶.
2. such...that
It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep. 演講枯燥乏味,聽得我都睡著了.
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞有三個(gè)：(1)that (本身無(wú)意義),(2)whether (or not),(3)if.例如：
That they will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他們不太可能會(huì)拒絕這個(gè)建議.
I don't know whether (=if) these figures are accurate. 我不知道這些數(shù)字是否精確.
需要注意的是：whether (or not) 可引導(dǎo)大部分名詞性從句；if僅可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,而且不可跟or not.例如：
Whether (≠if) they will come or not won't make much difference. 他們來(lái)不來(lái)關(guān)系不大.
I wonder if (=whether) she has received our telegram. 我不知道她是否收到了我們的電報(bào).