表語(yǔ)
表語(yǔ)是用來說明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的,表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng),它常位于連系動(dòng)詞（be,become,appear,seem等）之后.
一.名詞作表語(yǔ)
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是個(gè)大洲.
That remains is a puzzle to me.
這對(duì)我還是個(gè)難題.
二.代詞作表語(yǔ)
What’s your fax number?
你的傳真號(hào)是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是誰(shuí)?
三.形容詞作表語(yǔ)
I feel much better today.
我今天感覺好多了.
四.數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一個(gè)知道的人.
五.不定式或ing形式作表語(yǔ)
Her job is selling computers.
她的工作是銷售電腦.
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我們下一步是把原料準(zhǔn)備好.
六.介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)
The patient is out of danger.
病人脫險(xiǎn)了.
I don’t feel at ease.
我感到不自在.
七.副詞作表語(yǔ)
The sun is up.
太陽(yáng)升起來了.
I must be off now.
現(xiàn)在我得走了.
八.從句作表語(yǔ)
This is what he said.
這就是他所說的話.
不定式作表語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)通常是說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是如下名詞：
hope,idea,job,plan,wish,aim,purpose,thing,business
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.
新技術(shù)的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁瑣.
Her wish is to become a singer.
她的愿望是當(dāng)一名歌手.
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我們的計(jì)劃就是在兩星期內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作.
表語(yǔ)從句
在句子中起表語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句.表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同.
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.
警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間.
The trouble is that we are short of funds.
困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金.
This is what we should do.
這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的.
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因.
His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet.
他的第一個(gè)問題是史密斯先生到了沒有.
as if,as though,because也可用來引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句.
She seems as if she had done a great thing.
她看起來好像做了一件大事.
It is because you eat too much.
那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔?
ing形式作表語(yǔ)
ing形式作表語(yǔ)表示泛指意義的動(dòng)作,不定式作表語(yǔ)表示一次性的動(dòng)作.
My hobby is growing flowers.
我的愛好是種花.
My favourite sport is playing tennis.
我喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打網(wǎng)球.
比較：
What I am going to do is to play tennis this afternoon.
我今天下午要做的事是打網(wǎng)球.
ing形式作表語(yǔ)：注意事項(xiàng)
在句型"主 + 系 + 表"中,若主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)形式時(shí),主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)要取得一致.如：主語(yǔ)
是ing形式表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)是ing形式,主語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)是不定式.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
眼見為實(shí).
(誤) Seeing is to believe.
ing形式作定語(yǔ)
ing形式可以作名詞的前置定語(yǔ),ing形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ).
ing形式作前置定語(yǔ)
a swimming pool
a teaching method
ing形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)
Do you know the man standing at the entrance?
你認(rèn)識(shí)站在入口處的那個(gè)人嗎?
There were a lot of people boating on the lake.
湖上有許多正在劃船的人.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表語(yǔ)從句
主語(yǔ)是idea,notion,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞時(shí),
作表語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞為原形動(dòng)詞或should+原形動(dòng)詞.
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.
我的建議是我們應(yīng)該去幫助他.
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
我們唯一的請(qǐng)求就是盡快解決這個(gè)問題.